沙漠地区高速公路防沙效应试验研究——以营双高速公路八步沙段为例  

Effects of Sand Prevention Measures Along Highways in Desert Areas——A Case Study at Babusha Section,Yingshuang Highway

作　　者：高冠龙[1] 张小由[2] 杨凯 韩致文[2] 贺晓萍 徐定艳 许克玺 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃省路桥建设集团有限公司,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2017年第2期17-20,26,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点试验室开放基金项目"荒漠河岸胡杨林蒸散发模型阻力参数计算及其对蒸散发模拟精度的影响"(90Y290F41);国家自然科学基金项目"额济纳绿洲生态耗水多尺度实验与尺度转换研究"(41271037)

摘　　要：[目的]对沙漠地区高速公路防沙效应进行试验研究,旨在为我国沙漠地区高速公路防沙体系建设提供理论依据和实践经验。[方法]针对营盘水(甘宁界)至古浪(双塔)高速公路八步沙沙漠段沙害的成因、类型,采取工程措施与生物措施相结合的防沙固沙方法开展试验研究。[结果](1)无论风速大小,功能性固沙障网间的有效防护距离要远好于均一型,且在网前近地处风速降低幅度要大于均一型。功能性防沙网后的防沙效益略低于均一型防沙网,但前者可有效抬升风沙流运行高度,极大减少过境风沙流对地面的侵蚀和地表沙粒的撞击起动,加之网间风速低于沙粒起动风速,进而起到固沙作用;(2)功能性固沙障上疏下密的孔隙结构有利于气流的抬升,降低防沙网上的风压,缓解防沙网的兜风问题,能有效解决固沙障底部的掏蚀问题。[结论]所采用的两种防沙网各具优点,可作为不同的防沙措施用于防沙。其中均一型可用来制作高立式阻沙沙障,而功能性防沙网可用来制作低矮的半隐蔽式格状沙障,二者均可用于替代传统的防沙材料,具有极大的应用价值和推广前景。[Objective] The effects of sand-prevention along highways were observed to provid theorological basis and pratical experience for sand-prevention system in desert area. [Methods] According to the causes and types of sand-damage in Babusha desert area, cirresponding engineering and biological measurements were carried out to fix the sands. [Results] （1） Regardless of wind speed, the effective defending distance of internetwork of functional solid barriers were far greater than that of the uniform one. And also the reduction of wind speed near the ground before the nets of the functional solid barriers were greater. Though the sand- prevention effect of functional solid barriers behind the nets was a little worse than that of the uniform one, the sand flow was effectively uplifted. Whereby, sand errosion was reduced as a synergistic result of the decrease of sand movement by striking startup and the decrease of net-interwindspeed to the threshold of sand startup. （2） The functional solid barriers have a strcuture with thin upper part and close lower part, this structure can effectively uplift the wind flow, reducing the wind pressure upon the sediment control network and relieving the wind-catching problem. This can solve the erosion problem under the solid barriers. [Conclusion] The two kinds of sediment control networks both have their advantages. The uniform solid barriers can be used to make high upright solid barriers, and the functional solid barriers can be used to make short hidden solid barriers. The two types can both replace traditional materials and have great applicable value.

关 键 词：高速公路 防沙固沙 风沙危害 

分 类 号：U412.366[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]