利用小麦秸秆制备的保水剂性能研究  

Synthesis and Water-holding Performance of Water Retaining Agent Made from Wheat Straw

作　　者：张慧瑛[1] 樊丹阳 卢妹妹 贾鸿娜 郝军元[1] 

机构地区：[1]河西学院农业与生物技术学院,甘肃张掖734000 [2]山丹军马场自然保护站,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2017年第2期193-198,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河西学院校长资助项目"以柠檬酸渣为原料生产微生态高蛋白饲料的研究"(XZ200814);甘肃省高校河西走廊特色资源利用省级重点实验室项目(XZ1014);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1104FKCG118)

摘　　要：[目的]以小麦秸秆纤维素接枝丙烯酸制备保水剂,并检测各因素对保水剂吸水性能的影响,探索制备保水剂的最佳反应条件,以期制备出成本低,降解性好,保水性高的新型保水剂。[方法]采用水溶液聚合法制备保水剂,并通过单因素试验和正交试验来确定最佳反应条件,对合成产物的吸液倍率、保水性能和表观形态进行测定与表征。[结果]温度为70℃,去离子水用量为160ml,2.0%N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)用量为9ml,引发剂(过硫酸钾:硫代硫酸钠=3∶1)与丙烯酸单体比为2.0%,丙烯酸中和度为70%,反应时间为1h,合成的保水剂具有较高的吸水或盐水倍率,1g保水剂吸0.9%NaCl溶液41.2g/g,吸去离子水430.9g/g。红外光谱分析和电镜扫描结果表明,保水剂胶体接枝聚合成功,胶体具有良好的表面形态。[结论]制备的保水剂吸液速率快、重复吸水效果较好。保水剂在氯化铁溶液中吸水倍率最高,达到113g/g。复合离子溶液中,在离子浓度为1g/L时吸水倍率最高达57g/g。[Objective] In order to create an excellent water-holding material, using wheat straw as raw material, acrylic acid（AA） as graft monomers, the N, N＇-methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinker and the potassium peroxydisulfate as free radical evocating agent, the super absorbent polymer was prepared by water solution polymerization. [Methods] The optimized reaction conditions were determined based on a single factor and an orthogonal experiment. In addition, the absorbency, retaining capacity and surface morphology of the obtained water retention agent in the experiment were characterized. [Results] Optimal reaction conditions were as follows： temperature 70 ℃, deionized water 160 ml, 2%N, N-methylene double acrylamide solution 9 ml, initiator accounted for acrylic monomer 2%, degree of neutralization of AA was 70%, reaction time was 1 h. Under this experimental conditions, the water retention agent had stronger water absorbency, and the 1 g dry super absorbent polymer can absorb water 41.2 g/g in 0.9% NaCl solution and 430.9 g/g in distilled water. The colloid graft polymerization of water retention agent was successful, and the surface morphology was good. [Conclusion] Super absorbent polymer has faster fluid and good characteristics of water retention and reuse. The product can absorb water 113 g/g in ferric chloride solution of the different ions solution and the maximum water absorption was 57 g/g in compound ion solution.

关 键 词：纤维素 接枝共聚 小麦秸秆 保水剂 吸水倍率 

分 类 号：S482.99[农业科学—农药学]