活性炭对春玉米农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of activated carbon on agronomic traits and yield of spring maize

作　　者：王增丽 冯浩[2,3] 方圆[2] 

机构地区：[1]武威市中心灌溉试验站,甘肃武威733000 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2017年第2期172-177,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2011AA100503);甘肃省陇原青年创新人才扶持计划项目(2015090)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验研究了土壤增施活性炭对春玉米生育期农艺性状及产量的影响.结果表明,随着活性炭施入量的增加(0~9 g/kg),春玉米营养生长期的株高最大生长速度和叶绿素质量比呈先增加后降低的趋势.增施活性炭对春玉米总干物质的累积的影响呈先抑制后促进的趋势.在苗期抑制作用显著,在拔节期促进作用明显.增施活性炭能提高春玉米营养生长期地上部干物质的累积,但对生育后期地下部干物质的累积促进作用存在阈值.当活性炭质量比高于6 g/kg时,对地下部干物质的累积促进作用明显减弱.春玉米产量与籽粒数、穗长构成要素在0.05水平下呈正相关关系,出籽率和根冠比两产量构成要素在0.01水平下呈正相关关系.土壤增施活性炭能增加春玉米籽粒数,改善根冠比例,提高作物产量.土壤增施质量比为1 g/kg的活性炭提高春玉米经济产量效果最好.Effects of activated carbon on agronomic traits and yield of spring maize were studied by using pot experiments. The results show that the growth rate of the growth period and chlorophyll con- tent of spring maize first increase and then decrease with the increasing of activated carbon （0 -9 g/ kg）. The total dry matter accumulation of spring maize has shown a decline in seeding and a rise in heading. The soil blended with activated carbon increase upper biomass of spring maize in the vegeta- tive growth stage, whereas it had a threshold value for underground biomass in the reproductive growth stage. The root growth was dramatically inhibited when the content of activated carbon was more than 6 g/kg. The number of grains and ear length have a significant positive correlation with kernel yield, and the kernel percentage had a significant positive correlation with the root-shoot ratio. In conclusion, the soil blended with activated carbon could obviously increase the number of grains, the root-shoot ratio and the yield of spring maize. Blending 1 g/kg of activated carbon to soil was effective and optimal to the yield of spring maize.

关 键 词：春玉米 活性炭 农艺性状 产量 产量构成要素 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]