肝脏囊性病变的影像学表现  

Imaging findings of cystic liver lesions

作　　者：王敏[1] 宋彬[1] 黄子星[1] 胡富碧[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院放射科,成都610041

出　　处：《中国普外基础与临床杂志》2017年第5期629-633,共5页Chinese Journal of Bases and Clinics In General Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:81471658)

摘　　要：目的总结不同病因的肝脏囊性病变的超声、CT和(或)MRI影像学征象,以提高肝脏囊性病变的诊断正确率。方法复习国内外关于不同类型肝脏囊性病变的影像学研究的文献,以病因为线索,总结其超声、CT和(或)MRI平扫及增强特点。结果肝脏囊性病变种类较多,其影像学表现多样且征象间存在重叠,不典型病例的诊断及鉴别诊断困难。(1)对于单纯性肝囊肿,影像学检查呈水样回声、密度及信号的圆形或类圆形囊性肿块,边界清晰,囊内无分隔,对比增强无强化。超声和MRI诊断的敏感性和特异性均较高,CT诊断价值不及这二者。(2)胆管错构瘤和Caroli病均表现为多发、广泛分布于全肝的单纯囊性小病变,多数无强化,与胆管是否相通是鉴别的关键征象。(3)相比肝内胆管囊腺瘤,壁结节强化多见于囊腺癌,准确诊断肝内胆管囊腺瘤应结合典型超声、CT及MRI表现。(4)囊性肝转移瘤表现为肝实质内或肝周多发以囊性为主的肿瘤,CT是其诊断的主要方法,其密度低于肝实质,增强扫描病变外周环形强化;行MRI检查可与单纯性肝囊肿鉴别。(5)囊性肝细胞癌表现为多房囊实性肿瘤,门静脉内如果出现癌栓可提高本病诊断准确性。(6)未分化胚胎肉瘤的CT平扫为边界清楚的囊状低密度肿块,边缘可有钙化,增强扫描肿块内软组织成分持续强化;MRI平扫肿块内部信号无特异性,肿块周边呈缓慢渐进性强化。(7)肝脓肿的不同形成时期有其特征性表现,不难诊断,但对于症状不典型时与肝内胆管细胞癌易误诊;(8)对肝囊型包虫病主要选超声检查,影像学检查的意义在于判断包虫囊的活性,而肝泡型棘球蚴病的主要诊断方法是CT,MRI检查可于术前评估病变与胆管和血管的解剖关系及判断有无侵犯,MRCP有重要诊断价值。结论腹部超声检查可作为肝脏囊性病变检查的首选方法,CT和MRI可作为有效的补充方法,合理选Objective To summarize ultrasonography, CTand（or） MRl imaging features ofcystic liver lesions so as to improve its diagnostic accuracy. Methods The literatures relevant imaging studies of different types of cystic liver lesions at home and abroad were searched. Then with the etiology as clue, the imaging fetures of ultrasonography, CT and （or） MRI plain scan and enhancement scan were summarized. Results The cystic liver lesions had many types, their imaging findings were different and existed overlaps. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of atypical cases were difficult. ① For the simple hepatic cyst, it was a round cystic mass with water-like echo, density and signal. The boundary was clear, and there was no separation in the cyst, without contrast enhancement. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing were higher by ultrasonography and MRI as compared with CT. ② For the bile duct hamartoma and Caroli diease, they were manifested as multiple cysts, widely distributed in the whole liver, without enhancement for the most lesions. The multiple cystic lesions without communicating with the bile duct was the key sign of differential diagnosis for these two dieases. ③ Enhancing mural nodules were more common in cystadenocarcinoma than cystadenoma. The accurate diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma depended on combination of ultrasonography, CT, and MRI findings. ④ For the cystic liver metastatic tumor, it was multiple cystic neoplasms in the liver parenchyma or around the liver. CT was the main method for the diagnosis, and which showed that the density was lower than that of the liver parencnyma, pertinently1 enhanced lesion as enhanced scan. It was easy to distinguish with simple hepatic cyst by MRI. ⑤ For the cystic hepatocellular carcinoma, it presented as a multilocular cystic solid tumor. The presence of tumor thrombus in portal vein could help to the diagnosis. ⑥ For the tmdifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, CT plain scan showed the cystic low density mass with clear boundary, the edge wit

关 键 词：肝脏囊性病变 超声检查 CT MRI 对比增强 影像学征象 

分 类 号：R445[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R575[医药卫生—诊断学] R816.5[医药卫生—临床医学]