一种客车侧窗的粘接强度校核方法  

Checking Method of Adhesive Strength for Bus Side Windows

作　　者：那景新[1] 秦国锋[1] 范以撒 张师源 刘玉[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,吉林长春130022 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2017年第4期152-158,共7页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51375201)

摘　　要：为了对复杂应力状态下的客车侧窗粘接结构进行强度校核,提出一种基于粘接面法向正应力和切向剪应力的粘接强度校核方法。采用有限元方法在客车行驶的扭转工况下对侧窗胶黏剂进行强度分析,获得胶黏剂单元的实际应力,并通过客车侧窗的局部结构试验进行验证;采用胶黏剂Bostik-ISR 7008设计了1组搭接接头、对接接头和不同粘接角度的嵌接接头,分别在80℃、25℃和-40℃下对粘接接头进行轴向拉伸试验,获得接头破坏时的拉力,建立了一个基于粘接面法向正应力与切向剪应力的失效准则,该失效准则可用一个二次多项式拟合而成;根据弹性力学力的平衡原理,将胶黏剂单元在全局坐标系下6个方向的应力分量转换简化成粘接面法向正应力和切向剪应力的形式,采用失效准则对侧窗胶黏剂的实际应力进行强度校核,计算胶黏剂单元的安全系数,并进行了统计分析,整个过程通过编写FORTRAN程序自动实现。结果表明:胶黏剂的粘接强度随着温度的升高而降低,客车侧窗胶黏剂的安全系数主要集中在大于30的范围;在考虑温度对粘接强度影响的情况下,该客车侧窗的粘接结构是安全的,且存在很大的优化空间。To evaluate the adhesive strength of the bus side window under the state of complex stress, a checking method of adhesive strength was proposed in this paper based on the normal stress and shear stress of adhesive interface. The actual stress of adhesive structure was obtained from finite element （FE） analysis of the whole bus under torsion conditions and verified by experiment tests of a typicle part of the bus side-window. A group of single lap joints, butt joints and scarf joints with different bonding angles were designed by adhesive Bostik-ISR 7008. The failure force of adhesive joints was obtained by uniaxial tensile tests at 80 ℃ , 25 ℃ and -40 ℃ respectively. Then a failure criterion based on the normal stress and shear stress of adhesive interface was established, which can be fitted by a quadratic polynomial. Six components of actual stress values in global coordinate system were transferred and simplified into normal stress and shear stress of adhesive interface according to the principle of force balance of elastic mechanics. The failure criterion was used to check the actual stress of adhesive of the bus side window, and safety coefficients of adhesive elements were calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the process of the checking method was automatically implemented by the FORTRAN program. The results show that the adhesive strength decreases with the rising temperature and the safety coefficients of adhesive structure mainly concentrate on the scope of more than 30, so the adhesive structure is safe with much room for optimization when the effect of temperature on the strength of adhesive structure is under consideration.

关 键 词：汽车工程 客车侧窗 仿真与试验 正应力与剪应力 粘接强度 

分 类 号：U463.822[机械工程—车辆工程]