关帝山寒温性云杉次生林样地树种组成、结构和空间分布  

Species composition,structure and spatial distribution of secondary cold-temperate Picea forest in Guandi Mountain,China

作　　者：杨秀清[1] 史婵 王旭刚[1] 马慧晶[1] 闫海冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第5期1421-1430,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470631;31670630)资助~~

摘　　要：云杉次生林是关帝山的优势森林植被类型,也是华北亚高山地区寒温性常绿针叶林的代表类型.为更好地了解其物种组成、群落结构等基本特征及其潜在的生态学过程和机制,于2010年在关帝山庞泉沟国家自然保护区建立了4 hm^2的云杉次生林固定监测样地(GDS样地).本文以第一次本底调查数据为基础,分析了样地树种组成、结构和空间分布.结果表明:样地共有木本植物30种,隶属于11科22属.包括分枝的总个体数为26218(其中独立个体数为10266).植物区系组成属北温带成分;不同树种个体数、平均胸径和胸高断面积差异较大,导致群落成层分明,各层优势种明显.乔木层第一亚层树种径级结构呈双峰偏正态分布,乔木层第二亚层树种径级呈近似正态分布,灌木层树种径级呈"L"型分布.乔木优势树种青!和华北落叶松的空间分布无论在个体数量还是聚集程度上均随径级变化而呈现不同的格局特征.相同径级的两树种,胸径(DBH)≥30 cm的华北落叶松在样地居多且聚集分布于样地中部,而DBH≥30 cm的青!则相对较少,没有表现出空间聚集性.DBH≤10 cm的华北落叶松个体很少且散生于样地,而DBH≤10 cm的青!大量聚集于样地中部.DBH≤10 cm的青!在样地偏西北区域也有大量分布,而DBH≤10 cm的红桦主要分布于样地偏东南区域.灰子、土庄绣线菊和四川忍冬等灌木树种也表现出一定的异质性空间分布特征.树种分布格局受生境条件影响,同时与自身发育规律、更新特征及生态习性等相关.The secondary Picea forest is one of the dominant vegetation types in Guandi Mountain. It＇ s also the representative type of evergreen cold-temperate coniferous forests in subalpine region of north China. A 4 hm2 fixed monitoring Picea forest plot was established in Pangquangou Nature Re- serve, Guandi Mountain （GDS plot）to better understand the basic characteristics such as species composition, community structure and its potential ecological process and mechanisms. We analyzed species composition, structure and spatial distribution of sample forest based on the first background survey data in this paper. The results showed that a total of 30 woody plant species existed in the sample area, which belonged to 11 families, 22 genera. The total individual number （including branches） was 26218 （independent individual number was 10266）. Floristic composition in the re- gion was defined as north temperate elements. Big differences of individual number, average diame- ter at breast height （DBH） and basal area among different species caused significant community layering effect, and the dominant species in each layer was obvious. Size-class structure of species showed bimodal skewed normal distribution at the canopy layer, approximate normal distribution at the subtree layer, and ‘L’ type distribution at the shrub layer. Spatial distribution of the dominanttree species such with the changing the above two spe as Picea wilsonii and Larix principis-rupprechtii showed different pattern features size class, whether in individual number or in aggregation degree. Compared with cies with the same size class, a large number of L. principis-rupprechtii with DBH ≥ 30 cm aggregated in the center of sample plot, but few P. wilsonii individuals with DBH≥ 30 cm occurred in the plot and had no clustering distribution. Only a few L. principis-rupprechtii with DBH ≤ 10 cm occurred in the plot with a scattering distribution, and a large number of P. wilsonii with DBH ≤ 10 cm aggregated in the center of the pl

关 键 词：物种组成 群落结构 空间格局 云杉次生林 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]