基于碳、氮稳定同位素技术的大亚湾紫海胆食性分析  

Feeding habits of the purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis

作　　者：莫宝霖 秦传新[1,2,3] 陈丕茂[1,2,3] 黎小国[1,2,3] 冯雪[1,2,3] 佟飞[1,2,3] 袁华荣[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [2]中国水产科学研究院海洋牧场技术重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]农业部南海渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,广东广州510300 [4]天津农学院,天津300384

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2017年第3期566-575,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD18B02);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目子任务(201405020-2);深圳市科技计划项目(JSG2014015154342147);国家自然科学基金项目(41206119)

摘　　要：为掌握大亚湾紫海胆(Heliocidaris crassispina)的食性特征,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对2015年8月所采集紫海胆样本的稳定同位素特征、营养级和食性特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,大亚湾紫海胆平均δ^(13)C值为-(13.35±1.21)‰,平均δ^(15)N值为(9.14±0.38)‰,平均营养级为2.11±0.14。不同壳径紫海胆之间的碳、氮稳定同位素比值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。大亚湾海域紫海胆生活环境周围生物δ^(13)C值分布范围为-20.76‰^-9.93‰,δ^(15)N值分布范围为-0.16‰~14.99‰,营养级范围为1.34~3.77。大亚湾主要生物种类可划分为悬浮物、初级生产者和初级消费者、次级消费者、顶级消费者4个营养组群,其中紫海胆属于次级消费者。8月份调查海域珊瑚稀少,大型海藻密度低且死亡降解形成颗粒有机物(Particulate Organic Matter,POM),陆源POM随降雨大量流入大亚湾,导致紫海胆在8月份摄食偏向碎屑食物链,主要食物来源为POM,平均贡献率为67.3%;其余摄食种类为沉积物(Sediment Organic Matter,SOM)、裂叶马尾藻(Scagassum siliquastrum)、底栖硅藻、浮游动物及浮游植物,平均贡献率分别为9.7%、9.3%、6.7%、3.7%及3.3%。大亚湾紫海胆摄食种类与其栖息地底栖生物存在重叠,具有一定的食物竞争关系。研究表明,分析紫海胆食性特征对了解其所在生态系统中营养级水平具有重要意义。Purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina is an important benthic species in the western Pacific Ocean. In recent years, environmental disruption and over-exploitation have damaged the resources of this species. Stable isotope analysis has become a powerful tool for studying the feeding habits of marine animals, and this method can overcome some of the limitations associated with traditional stomach contents analysis. Carbon （δ13C） and nitrogen （δ15N） were used as tools to evaluate the stable isotopic characteristics, trophic levels, shell diameter, and feeding habits of H. crassispina, from Daya Bay on the south coast of Guangdong Province, using data collected in August 2015. In the present study, the trophic levels of H. crassispina and other benthic species in Daya Bay were based on 615N. Average δ13C of H. crassispina was -（13.35 ±1.21）‰, average δ15 N was （9.14±0.38）‰, and the trophic levels ranged from 2.09 to 2.13 （mean 2.11）; no significant correlation was found between the different shell diameters of the H. crassispina sampled and the recorded values of δ13C and δ15N （P〉0.05）. Average δ13C values of the potential food sources were between -（9.93±1.59）‰ and -（20.76±1.42）‰, and their average δ15N values were between （-0.16±1.34）‰ and 14.99‰; the trophic levels ranged from 1.34 to 3.77. Cluster analysis showed that the food web among major species of Daya Bay could be classified into four trophic groups： suspended organic matter, primary producers and primary consumers, secondary consumers, and top predators. There were two main channels in the overall food chain： one was the grazing food chain, and the other was the detritus food chain. H. crassispina have a tendency to feed on detritus in August, when corals are scarce, macroalgae den- sity is low, and the terrigenous materials present as particulate organic matter （POM） into Daya Bay follow a period of heavy rains. The main food resources of H. crassispina were： POM, sediment or

关 键 词：紫海胆 碳稳定同位素 氮稳定同位素 食性 大亚湾 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]