棉花脱叶剂施药机喷雾参数优化与试验  

Optimization and test for spraying parameters of cotton defoliant sprayer

作　　者：秦维彩[1,2] 薛新宇[2] 崔龙飞[2] 周晴晴[2] 徐竹凤 常飞龙[2] 姚克恒[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学现代农业装备技术重点实验室,江苏镇江212013 [2]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2017年第4期25-32,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：“十二五”期间国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD31B06);公益性农业科学研究专项基金(201303073);农产品安全检测技术和装备(NZXT01201402)

摘　　要：喷杆喷雾机被广泛应用于大田作物,不仅作业效率高,还能保证喷洒效果。但在中国新疆棉花脱叶剂喷施的过程中,还遇到一系列的问题。新疆棉花种植密度大,行距为10+66cm模式,导致相邻两行叶片交叉、重叠严重,在喷施棉花脱叶过程中,棉花冠层下部雾滴覆盖率低,脱叶效果差,严重影响棉花品质。针对这一现象,为提高施药机具喷洒脱叶剂在棉花冠层的雾滴覆盖率,本文在原有喷杆喷雾机基础上进行改装,提出棉花脱叶剂施药机喷雾参数优化方案,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计理论对施药机具的喷雾参数进行研究。以横喷杆离地高度、吊喷离地高度、员喷夹角等工作参数为影响因素,以棉花冠层的平均雾滴覆盖率为目标函数,建立雾滴覆盖率的二次多项式数学模型,并分析模型的有效性与因子间的交互作用。利用Design-Expert 7.0.0软件的回归分析法和响应面分析法对模型进行优化分析,得到施药机最优喷洒参数组合。结果表明,3个因素对棉花冠层雾滴覆盖率的影响大小依次为横喷杆离地高度、吊喷离地高度、吊喷夹角;最优喷洒参数组合为横喷杆离地高度134cm,吊喷离地高度27.5cm,吊喷夹角21°。此条件下的棉花冠层平均雾滴覆盖率最大值为19.6%,与模型预测值相比相对误差为-4.25%。研究结果可为进一步完善棉花脱叶剂施药机喷洒参数优化提供参考。Boom sprayer is widely used in large farm crops because of its high working efficiency and favorable spraying effect. But there are still some problems in cotton defoliant spraying in Xinjiang, China. Cotton is planted in a high density in Xinjiang, the row space is 10±66 cm, leaves in two adjacent rows are seriously overlapped, the lower leavers are poorly sprayed, so the defoliation effect is poor, and the cotton quality is degraded. To solve this problem and improve the defoliant droplets coverage on the cotton canopy, the original boom spraying was modified, and the spraying pardameters was optimized by the central combination test and design concept of Box-Behnken based on a single-factor test. A quadratic polynomial model of droplets coverage was created by using working parameters including horizontal spraying boom height, hang boom height and nozzles angle as the influential factors and the mean droplets coverage on cotton canopy as the target function, and the effectiveness of mode and interaction of factors were analyzed. The model was optimized and analyzed using the regression analysis method and response surface analysis method of software Design-Ex- pert 7.0.0, and the optimal combination of spraying parameters was obtained. The results showed that the droplets coverage on cotton canopy were influenced by boom height, sprayer height and angled nozzles sequentially from large to small, and the optimal combination of spraying parameters was under horizontal spraying boom height of 134 cm, hang spraying boom height of 27.5cm and noz- zles angle.of 21;. The mean droplets coverage of experimental value and predicted value on cotton canopy were 19.6% and 20.43 % re- spectively in such conditions, and the relative error to the estimated value on the model was -4.25%. The research result can provide a reference for further optimizing the spraying parameters of cotton defoliant sprayer.

关 键 词：施药机具 棉花 喷雾参数 优化 数学模型 响应曲面 

分 类 号：S817.115[农业科学—畜牧学]