涌泉根灌交汇入渗对土壤水氮运移特性的影响  

Effects of bubbled-root irrigation interference infiltration on transport characteristics of water and nitrogen

作　　者：刘显[1] 费良军[1] 刘扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2017年第3期263-270,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279157;51479161);公益性行业(农业)科技专项资助项目(201203003-1)

摘　　要：为提高涌泉根灌水肥的利用效率,通过野外肥液入渗试验,探究了不同灌水器间距(30,40,50,60 cm)条件下湿润锋运移、湿润体积、土壤水分及氮素分布的规律.结果表明:不同灌水器间距对湿润锋运移距离以及湿润体体积均具有较大的影响;随着灌水器间距的增大,水平最大湿润距离、产生交汇时间和湿润体体积均呈递增趋势,而交汇面处湿润深度和土壤氮素质量分数均呈减小趋势.灌水结束后,在灌水器处土壤水分及铵态氮量最高,交汇面处次之.随着再分布进行,湿润锋继续运移,湿润体增大,湿润体内氮素量逐渐升高;再分布1 d,湿润体基本达到稳定状态,再分布5 d,铵态氮量基本达到最大值,在观测的15 d内,硝态氮量一直处于持续增加状态.研究为涌泉根灌水氮高效利用奠定了基础.To improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of bubbled - root irrigation, experiments are carried out on field fertilizer infiltration to identify wetting front migration, wetting volume, soil water and nitrogen distribution in different distances between emitters （30, 40, 50 and 60 cm）. The results show that the distance between emitters has a great influence on the migration distance of wetting front and wet volume. With increasing distance between emitters, the maximum horizontal wetting distance and wet volume both are large, but the migration distance of wetting front and intersection time all decrease. After the irrigation, the soil moisture and NH4 - N content are the highest under the emitters and higher at the intersection. As redistribution continuing, the wetting front migration and wet volume increase, and NH4^＋ -N content in the volume rises gradually. The redistribution for 1 day, the wetted body basically reaches steady state; for 5 days, the NH4^＋ - N content achieves the maximum. Within 15 days of observation, the NO3^- - N content is always in a steadily increasing state. The above results will lay a foundation for a better use efficiency of nitrogen and water in bubbled - root irrigation.

关 键 词：涌泉根灌 灌水器间距 湿润体 交汇入渗 水氮运移 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]