基于中国在日资料进行民俗研究的可能性——聚焦明清访日海商相关记录  

The Possibility of Folklore Studies Based on Chinese Documents in Japan: Focus on the Records of Maritime Businessmen Visit Japan during the Ming and Qing Dynasty

作　　者：松尾恒一 梁青[3] 

机构地区：[1]日本国立历史民俗博物馆 [2]日本国立历史民俗博物馆综合研究研究生院 [3]湖北大学外国语学院

出　　处：《文化遗产》2017年第3期1-9,共9页Cultural Heritage

基　　金：本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“海外藏珍稀中国民俗文献与文物资料整理、研究暨数据库建设”(项目编号：16ZDA163)的阶段性成果之一.

摘　　要：民俗学是将国家,或是国家内某地区的生产生活及其相关文化实态和特质作为主题,通过田野调查等手段获取传承资料,进而推进研究的。但是也有不少以旅行和贸易为目的造访的外国人,通过他们的观察记录,留下了他们认为奇异的风俗,成为了珍贵的民俗资料。此外,本国的民俗相关文物通过贸易等合法途径,或是由偷盗、掠夺等非法途径流向国外的情况也并不少见,而这些资料的存在往往被人们忽视。清代,中日间并未建立国交关系,但从大陆造访长崎的海商带来了生丝、砂糖、鹿皮、中药等产品,很大程度上影响了日本人的日常生活。与此同时,赛龙舟、妈祖巡行等中华文化也传到了长崎,日本人和华侨也继承了这些民俗文化。另一方面,在清代唯一一个与日本进行贸易的荷兰也留下了对清代海商的贸易、生活的记录。本论首要考察的是日本人对明末至清代造访日本的中国、荷兰海商的记录,以及访日欧洲海商和天主教传教士对清代海商的生活、信仰等民俗方面的记录。在此基础上,超出以往对一国或者一地区进行研究的民俗学,而对国际关系中某地区的生活特质进行探索,探寻新的民俗学的可能性。Folklore studies on the subjects of national or regional life and culture,and collects information by fieldworks in order to go forward.In the mean while,there are some valuable folk materials left by the foreign visitors came for traveling or business,whom recorded the customs they saw and felt strange.Moreover,some folk relics flowed aboard through trade or other legal ways,or even illegal ways like theft or loot,have often been ignored.In the Qing dynasty,while China-Japan diplomatic relation had not been established,the maritime businessmen brought silk,sugar,deerskin,traditional Chinese medicine,and other products from China to Nagasaki,which greatly influenced the Japanese’s daily lives.Meanwhile,the Chinese folk culture,such as the dragonboat race and Mazu parade,had also been spread to Nagasaki,and passed on by the Japanese and overseas Chinese.On the other hand,Dutch was the only country trade with Japan in the Qing dynasty,and left records of the trade and life of the maritime businessmen.This article will investigate the records of China and Dutch maritime businessmen visit Japan during the Ming and Qing dynasty,and the documents about lives and beliefs of the maritime businessmen recorded by the European maritime and Catholic missionaries.On this basis,surpassed the folklore studies of one country or region,we can explore some characteristic of lives of one region in the international relations,and find new possibilities of folklore.

关 键 词：在日明清资料 明清海商 海外民俗资料 妈祖信俗 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]