三种同域高山鸡形目鸟类的生境选择  

Habitat Selection by Three Sympatric High-mountain Galliformes

作　　者：徐雨[1,2] 王彬[3] 窦亮[3] 冉江洪[3] 刘世荣[4] 岳汉秋[5] 杨柳[5] 宗建伟[1] 李彦娇[1] 李八斤 

机构地区：[1]平顶山学院化学与环境工程学院,河南平顶山467000 [2]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025 [3]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064 [4]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [5]平顶山学院旅游与规划学院,河南平顶山467000 [6]格西沟国家级自然保护区,四川雅江627450

出　　处：《四川动物》2017年第3期258-265,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31301896);中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M550885)

摘　　要：研究同域物种的生境选择对认识物种共存、竞争及生态位分化具有重要理论意义,对物种的区域整合保护与管理也有重要实践价值。本文对川西高原3种典型同域分布的珍稀濒危鸡形目Galliformes鸟类,即四川雉鹑Tetraophasis szechenyii、白马鸡Crossoptilon crossoptilon和血雉Ithaginis cruentus的生境选择进行了研究。研究于2014年4月—2015年1月在四川省雅江县格西沟国家级自然保护区进行,共布设17条调查样带,在春、秋、冬季分别发现了3个物种65、61、66处生境使用点。通过Jacobs指数法和Bonferroni修正检验对物种生境选择进行分析,结果表明:(1)春季,四川雉鹑显著喜好冷杉-红杉林,拒绝高山栎丛;白马鸡显著拒绝杜鹃或杂灌草丛;而血雉对各生境的喜好或拒绝并不显著。(2)秋季,血雉显著拒绝杜鹃或杂灌草丛,四川雉鹑和白马鸡对各生境的喜好或拒绝均不显著。(3)冬季,所有物种均显著拒绝杜鹃或杂灌草丛;此外,白马鸡还显著偏好高山栎丛。研究表明,同域鸡形目物种的生境选择具有差异,而同一物种的生境选择模式在不同季节也存在一定差异。建议在保护管理中维持多样式、镶嵌式的植被群落,以保护川西高原鸡形目物种种群。Understanding the habitat selection by sympatric species can provide insights into species coexistence, compe-tition and niche partitioning, and also has important practical value for developing well-integrated species conservation poli-cies. We studied habitat selection by three sympatric rare high-mountain Galliformes, buff-throated partridges （Tetraophasis szechenyii） , white eared-pheasants （ Crossoptilon crossoptilon） , and blood pheasants {Ithaginis cruentus） in Gexigou Nation-al Nature Reserve, Yajiang county, western China from April 2014 to January 2015. Along 17 established line-transects, we detected 65, 61 and 66 species occurrence evidences in spring, autumn and winter, respectively. Jacobs’s index analysis with the Bonferroni simultaneous-confidence-interval approach revealed tha t： （ 1 ） in spring, buff-throated partridges pre-ferred fir-larch forests with an obvious avoidance of oak thickets, while white eared-pheasants avoided rhododendron or other miscellaneous shrubs and grasslands. Blood pheasants used all 5 habitat types in proportion to availability ; （2 ） in autumn, blood pheasants avoided rhododendron or other miscellaneous shrubs and grasslands, while buff-throated partridges and white eared-pheasants did not show positive selection or obvious avoidance for any habitat types; （3 ） in winter, all the three spe-cies showed an active avoidance of rhododendron or other miscellaneous shrubs and grasslands. Additionally, white eared- pheasants showed a preference for oak thickets. The results indicate interspecific and seasonal differences in habitat selection by the three species. For conservation management of the three species and potentially high-mountain Galliformes throughout western China, we suggest managers to maintain a mosaic of habitats.

关 键 词：鸡形目 生境选择 季节 保护 同域 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q959.7