吉林长白山北坡天然林鼠害调查  

Investigation on the Pest Rodent of Natural Forest in the North Slope of Mt. Changbaishan

作　　者：娄昆 施玉华[1,2] 张义锋[1,2] 朴正吉 肖治术[4] 路纪琪[1,2] ALFRED M Sichilima 王振龙[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生命科学学院,郑州450001 [2]郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所,郑州450001 [3]长白山科学研究院,吉林延边133613 [4]中国科学院动物研究所、农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [5]Department of Biological Sciences,School of Mathematics&Natural Sciences,Copperbelt University,P.O.Box 21692,Kitwe,Zambia

出　　处：《四川动物》2017年第3期341-345,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B00)

摘　　要：吉林省长白山北坡天然林是我国重要的红松Pinus koraiensis种源基地,近年鼠害严重。2015年4—6月、9—10月,在阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、暗针叶林及岳桦Betula ermanii林中调查鼠害发生情况,统计危害发生的树种和部位,并在危害发生林型中采用笼捕法和陷阱法调查鼠类的组成。结果表明:1)鼠害主要发生在春季海拔800~1 100 m的针阔混交林;2)受害树种主要为椴树Tilia tuan(3.61%±1.05%)、假色槭Acer pseudo-sieboldianum(3.00%±0.63%)、红松(1.73%±0.31%)、色木槭A.mono(1.28%±0.14%)等重要经济林木,受害部位主要集中于林木基部(58.90%)和裸露根部(37.99%);3)长白山北坡林区春季鼠类捕获率较高,秋季较低;4)捕获的主要鼠种为棕背Myodes rufocanus、朝鲜姬鼠Apodemus peninsulae和红背M.rutilus,陷阱法对棕背的捕获率远高于笼捕法,但对朝鲜姬鼠和红背的捕获率较笼捕法低。The north slope of Ml Changbaishan natural forest is an important Korean pine （ Pinus koraiensis） provenance base of China. However, in recent years, this pine plantation has been seriously infested with pest rodents. In this study, field survey was conducted from April to June, and September to October 2015 to investigate the scale and criteria of tree damage in 5 types of forests including： the broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest, dark coniferous forest and Yuehua （B e tu la ermanii） forest. In addition, we also surveyed twice in damage forest type to jus-tify the composition and density of rodents using the bucket trap and live-cage trap in spring and autumn. The results showed that： 1） pest rodents only occurred in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest during spring at the altitude of 800 - 1 100 m^2） the damage percentages of trees species were markedly observed on local and economically-valued trees such as Tilia tu-an （3 . 61 % ± 1. 05% ） , Acer pseudo-sieboldianum （3 . 00% ± 0. 63% ） , Pinus koraiensis （1 .7 3% ± 0. 3 1% ） and A. mono （1 . 28% 土 0. 14% ） , etc. Moreover, these damages mostly happened on stem base （5 8 .9 0% ） and bare root （37. 99 %） of the trees. 3 ） the rodent capture rate was higher in the north slope of Mt. Changbaishan forest area in spring, but lower in autumn. 4） most of captured rodent species were My odes rufocanus, Apodemus peninsulae and M. rutilus. Bucket trap was fit for capturing M. rufocanus, while live-cage trap could be used to capture A. peninsulae and M. rutilus.

关 键 词：长白山北坡天然林 针阔混交林 鼠害 笼捕法 陷阱法 

分 类 号：S764.5[农业科学—森林保护学]