硅钾肥配施对水稻茎秆理化性状及抗倒伏能力的影响  

The Physical,Chemical Characters and Lodging Resistance of Rice Stem with Silicon Potassium Collocation Application

作　　者：范永义 杨国涛[1] 陈敬[1] 蒋芬[1] MUSLIM Qadir 陈永军[1] 胡运高[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学水稻研究所,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2017年第4期751-757,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD01B03-3);国家重点研发计划:七大农作物育种试点专项"西南水稻优质高产高效新品种培育";四川省‘十三五’水稻育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0028);2016年度四川省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610619018);国家自然科学基金项目(31401347)

摘　　要：该研究以易倒伏品种‘B优827’为试验材料,通过分析硅钾肥配合施用对水稻茎秆的弯曲力矩、抗折力以及倒伏指数的影响,探索通过肥料调控提高水稻抗倒伏能力的方法与技术措施。结果显示:(1)硅钾肥配施能显著增加水稻基部节间茎秆直径和壁厚,缩短节间长度,并在低硅中钾处理(T2,硅肥300kg/hm2、钾肥400kg/hm2)下基部各节间长度缩短幅度最大(12.44%~20.80%),直径和壁厚增加幅度分别为2.82%~5.76%、22.95%~28.57%。(2)硅钾肥配施处理后,水稻基部各节间纤维素、木质素及灰分含量显著变化,并以低硅中钾处理(T2)差异较显著,且基部节间木质素含量分别比对照显著提高14.55%、8.67%、7.73%。(3)硅钾肥配施处理能显著增加水稻基部节间抗折力,降低倒伏指数,同时仍以低硅中钾处理(T2)的抗折力最大、倒伏指数最小,对提高‘B优827’植株抗倒伏能力效果最好。研究表明,合理的硅钾肥配比(硅肥300kg/hm2、钾肥400kg/hm2)能显著增加易倒伏水稻品种‘B优827’的茎秆壁厚和直径,缩短基部节间长度,提高抗折力,同时还能增加其基部节间木质化程度,最终增强植株抗倒伏能力;硅钾肥配合施用可通过改善茎秆物理化学特性有效增强易倒伏水稻植株的抗倒伏能力。We investigated the method and techniques of enhancing rice lodging resistance through the analysis influence on bending moment at breaking,bending force and lodging index of stalks in rice under silicon potassium collocation application by using lodging-susceptible variety‘B You 827＇.Results showed that：（1）silicon potassium collocation application could significantly increase the basal internode stem diameter and wall thickness,shortened internode length.In comparison with contrast,internode length decreased about 12.44%-20.80%,as well as,the diameter and wall thickness increased by 2.82%-5.76%and 22.95%-28.57%,respectively with low silicon middle potassium treatment（T2,silicon fertilizer 300kg/hm^2,potash 400kg/hm^2）.（2）The cellulose,lignin and ash contents of each basal internode signifi-cantly changed under silicon potassium collocation application and with low silicon middle potassium treatment（T2）.As a result,lignin content of basal internode increased by 14.55%,8.67% and 7.73%,respectively in comparison with contrast.（3）Silicon potassium collocation application could significantly increase the flexural strength of each internode,and reduce lodging index,at the same time.The effect of improving lodging resistance was best with low silicon middle potassium treatment（T2）in‘B You 827＇（bending force was maximum and lodging index was minimum）.Researches showed that reasonable ratio of silicon potassium fertilizer（silicon fertilizer 300kg/hm2,potash 400kg/hm^2）could not only significantly increase the basal internode stem diameter and wall thickness in lodging-susceptible variety‘B You 827＇,shortened internode length,improved the flexural strength,but also can increase the basal internode lignification degree,eventually improved lodging resistance;The results also showed that the silicon potassium collocation application by improving physical and chemistry property of stem,can effectively strengthen lodging resistance of rice plants,especially for lodging-susceptible

关 键 词：水稻 硅钾配施 茎秆 抗倒伏性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]