养老机构内五保老人社会关系充权实践的研究——以南京M敬老院五保老人小组为个案  

A Study on the Social Relationship Empowerment for Five-guaranteed Seniors in the Nursing Institution: A Case Study Based on Research in M Nursing Home in Nanjing

作　　者：武艳华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《社会工作与管理》2017年第3期19-25,73,共8页Social Work and Management

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费重点培育专项"公益创投基层服务成效及组织运作逻辑"(2015B24914);江苏省333工程科研资助项目"公益创投基层服务成效及组织运作逻辑"(BRA2015404)

摘　　要：基于充权的视角,以南京M敬老院五保老人小组作为具有研究相关性的关键个案,通过对五保老人社会关系充权小组从"单纯的五保老人社会关系的思想充权"到"社会关系的实践充权"再到"实现社会关系的自我管理"三阶段的成长与发育过程的研究,探讨小组工作方法对养老机构内五保老人社会关系充权与治疗的功能。研究发现,我国养老机构内五保老人的社会关系呈现出家人关系与邻里关系效能感低下、朋友关系窄化及机构关系兼具依赖与疏离双重属性的特征,小组治疗的方法对改善其不良社会关系有效果。总结与反思介入过程后发现,五保老人社会关系充权小组效果的发挥,既需要社工通过多种技巧和角色动员关系相关者充分参与,又需要各方主体协同改善个人充权意识和营造集体充权环境,还需要实施由个体自身到家人、再到熟人、又到生人的"由内而外"的渐进式的社会关系充权模式,由此,才能达到为该群体社会关系进行充权的目的。深入剖析发现,服务对象的独特性、机构环境的特殊性、小组目标的针对性与制度环境的复杂性,是影响养老机构内五保老人社会关系充权模式的内在机理。Based on the research in the gerocomium M in Nanjing, this paper is aimed at investigating thefunction of group work in the empowerment and treatment of social relationship for the five-guaranteed seniorsin pension agencies from the viewpoint of empowerment. We mainly focus on three consecutive phases： puremental empowerment of social relationship, practical empowerment of social relationship and self-managementin achieving the social relationship. It is reported that, the seniors in the pension agencies in China usually haveinefficient family relationship and neighborhood relationship, narrow friend relationship, both reliant andalienated agency relationship. And the method of group therapy is helpful in improving their social relationship.In fact, it is necessary for the social workers to mobilize the relevant participators through a variety of skills androles. And the concerned subjects should improve their individual sense of empowerment and create thecollective empowerment environment. Furthermore, in order to achieve the goal of empowerment of socialrelationship for this group, it is recommended to establish a progressive empowerment mode, “from the insideout”, namely, from individual to family members, then to acquaintances, and finally to strangers. It is found that,the uniqueness of the clients, the particularity of the agency environment, the relevance of the group goals andthe complexity of the institutional environment are the internal mechanisms that affect the empowerment modeof social relationship among the five-guaranteed seniors in the pension agencies.

关 键 词：家人关系 熟人关系 生人关系 充权 集体治疗 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]