北京地区蒿柳的开花物候期及单花序开放过程中花粉活力和柱头可授性变化  

Flowering phenology and changes in pollen activity and stigma receptivity during blossom process of single inflorescence of Salix viminalis in Beijing

作　　者：彭向永[1] 赵利清[1,2] 毛金梅[1,3] 翟飞飞[1] 孙振元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [2]国家开放大学,北京100039 [3]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《植物资源与环境学报》2017年第1期110-112,共3页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304115);林木遗传育种国家重点实验室专项(CAFYBB2016ZX001-3)

摘　　要：蒿柳（Salixvi minalis Linn.）为灌木或小乔木,在中国主要分布于东北、西北和西藏等地区.本种为雌雄异株、棻荑花序,在原产地的花期为4月至5月,果期为5月至6月.蒿柳叶片营养丰富,可作为养殖柞蚕的饲料,且生长速度快、耐轮伐,是重要的能源林树种.Flowering phenology and flowering dynamics of female and male inflorescences of Salix viminalis Linn. in Beijing were observed in 2015 and 2016,and changes in pollen activity and stigma receptivity were also investigated. The results show that early flowering stage of S. viminalis in Beijing is happened in early-March,flowering period is 11-18 d,and flowering pattern is the first opening type of male flower. Flowering period of single inflorescence in male and female plants is 10-15 d and 8-10 d,respectively,which can be divided into five stages: emerging color stage,initial flowering stage,half flowering stage,full flowering stage and withered stage. Flowering date of male plant is earlier about 3-4 d than that of female plant. However,the difference of full flowering stage between male and female plants is only 1 d. Pollen germination rate and stigma receptivity show a trend of firstly increasing then decreasing during blossom process. Pollen germination rate reaches the highest of 72% at full flowering stage,and stigma receptivity is more than 90% at half and full flowering stages.Therefore,it is suggested that pollen collection and pollination in mid-March can improve success rate of cross breeding of S. viminalis.

关 键 词：嵩柳 开花物候期 开放过程 花粉萌发率 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学] S792[农业科学—林木遗传育种]