论现代化过程中贫困的结构性前提——以俄罗斯为例  

The Structural Premise of Poverty in the Process of Modernization——The Case of Russia

作　　者：李春雨[1] LI Chunyu

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论与现代化》2017年第2期24-30,共7页Theory and Modernization

摘　　要：俄罗斯在国家转型过程中多种经济类型共存,贫困类型具有多样与不均质特征。由于大多数贫困者不具有专业职业技术能力,不适应多种经济类型并存的新经济结构,从事低薪职业或者处于失业状态,他们逐渐沦为社会底层。国家没有从贫困的结构前提着手对贫困者实施救助,导致他们摆脱贫困的机会仍然很少,长此以往必然使绝对贫困和长期贫困者数量增加。近三十年经济改革完成,确保各阶层代际再生产的分层因素不断增加,社会岗位在俄罗斯阶层的代际流动中起到关键作用。贫困者职业类型的特殊性与复杂性,使他们实际正流向社会底层,当前的阶层流动模式会逐渐把国家拽出机会平等的理想社会状态。Different kinds of economic types coexist during the period of Russia＇s transformation. Russia＇s poverty is diverseand inhomogenous. Most Russian poor have lowpaying jobs or even no job, and descend to the bottom of society graduallybecause they are short of professional and technical ability, and are not adapted to the new economic structure of the coexistence of various economic types. Russia fails to solve the problem of poverty from the perspective of structural premise. As aresult, over time, these Russian poor have few opportunities to get rid of poverty, and the number of absolute poor and chronical poor keeps increasing. Social position plays a key role in Russia＇s intergenerational mobility with the completion of economic reform in the recent 10 years as well as with the increasing stratification factors that guaranteed the generational reproduction of each stage. The particularity and complexity of the poor＇s career type make them flowing to the bottom of thesociety. The current pattern of flowing will pull the country out of the ideal social situation of equal opportunity step by step.

关 键 词：俄罗斯社会贫困 贫困原型 消除贫困 

分 类 号：C911[经济管理]