2016年饮用水和环境卫生监测资金投入分析  

Fiscal allocation analysis of program of drinking water and environmental health surveillance in 2016

作　　者：林琳[1] 刘东山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2017年第2期175-178,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的在饮用水和环境卫生监测项目中央转移支付经费分配权由中央转移到各省的第一年,综合评估资金分配的公平性。方法收集2016年各省疾控中心获得的用于饮用水和环境卫生监测的中央转移支付经费、省级配套经费额度,选择各省人均GDP、肠道传染病发病率、儿科门急诊人次数、各监测任务点数作为综合需求的影响因素,使用Pearson相关分析检验综合需求与中央经费投入的相关性,使用Fisher确切概率法比较是否获得中央转移支付经费与省级配套经费的有无。结果 29个省疾控中心反馈了结果,应答率93.55%。各省分配给饮用水水质监测、农村环境卫生监测和空气污染对人群健康影响3个任务的中央转移支付经费分别为19070.0万、1474.53万和6463.21万,降幅分别为45.65%、36.67%和32.67%。饮用水水质监测的中央经费数量与综合需求有相关性(r=0.396,P=0.034),而农村环境卫生监测和空气污染对人群健康影响项目则没有相关性(r分别为0.186和-0.095,P分别为0.334和0.639)。各监测任务是否有中央转移支付经费与能否获得省级配套经费之间均无差异性(χ~2分别为0.633、0.553和1.000,P值分别为0.424、0.283和0.545)。结论采用"因素法"后,全国范围用于饮用水和环境卫生监测的中央经费减少,在各地区分配公平性有待提高,建议加强饮用水和环境卫生工作的成本效益分析,各级监测工作领导部门加强与经费分配者的沟通。Objective To analyze the equity of fiscal allocation in the first year that the department which is responsible for allocation was drifted from state level to provincial level. Methods To collect the amount of state investment and provincial investment engaged to the program of drinking water and environmental health surveillance. Integrated needs were evaluated through the Per Capital Gross Domestic Product（GDP） ,incidence of diarrheal contagious diseases, the annual number of out -hospital patients, and the amount of surveillance sites. The correlation of state investment and needs were analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis, and Fisher exact probability test was performed for the relationship of state investment and provincial investment. Results A total of 29 provincial CDCs（93.55% ）responded to the survey. 19,070.0 thousand, 13,745. 3 thousand, and 64,632.1 thousand were invested to projects for drinking water, rural environmental health, and air pollution respectively, with the decrease of 45.65% ,36.67% and 32.67%, in a total of 29 provinces. Positive correlation between state investment and integrated needs was indentified in the drinking water project （ r = 0. 396, P = 0. 034）, whereas no statistical correlation were found in the rural environmental health project and air pollution project（r were 0. 186 and-0. 095 respectively,P were 0. 334 and 0. 639）. The rate of provincial investment attainment shows no statistical differences in three projects （X2 were 0. 633,0. 553 and 1. 000 respectively, and P were 0. 424,0.283 and 0.545 ）. Conclusions The amount of state investment in the program of drinking water and environmental health surveillance decrease sharply nationwide, after the new allocation mechanism was implemented. And the equity in different provinces is to he increased. The responsible depart- ments are suggested to do more cost-benefit analysis and to communicate with finance authorities.

关 键 词：资金分配 公平性 环境卫生 健康危害因素 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R123[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]