秸秆过剩原因解析及对秸秆利用途径的思考  

Analysis of Reasons for Straw Surplus and Thoughts about Straw Utilization Ways

作　　者：肖敏[1] 常志州[1] 石祖梁[1,2] 李想 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,南京210014 [2]农业部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2017年第5期106-114,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(12)1002];国家社会科学基金项目(16CGL039)资助

摘　　要：秸秆焚烧或随意遗弃是困扰我国的一大生态环境问题。对秸秆出现区域性、季节性和结构性过剩的客观原因进行了分析,并从技术和研究的角度,提出了对秸秆利用途径与方法的思考。产生秸秆区域性、季节性和结构性过剩的客观原因主要是秸秆产生量增加、传统利用方式消耗的秸秆数量减少、秸秆利用机会成本不断增加与种植制度改变加剧了收种季节矛盾等。采用改良品种、优化作物布局与调整种植方式等措施减少秸秆产生量,大力发展秸秆生物质能产业增加秸秆就近消纳,加快配套机械设备研发以提高秸秆收集效率,优先发展统筹兼顾经济、社会及生态效益的可持续农业技术等途径有利于解决秸秆过剩问题,促进秸秆全量利用。Straw burning or throwing out at random is one of the main problems destroying ecological environment ofour country. This paper analyzed the objective reasons for straw regional, seasonal, and structural surplus describedby the literature and policy documents, and put forward the thoughts about straw utilization way and method from theangle of technology and research. The major objective reasons of straw regional, seasonal and structural surplus wereincreased straw yield, reduced consuming quantity of straw by traditional utilization method, continuous increasing ofstraw using cost and changes in planting pattern, etc.. All these factors intensified the contradiction between harvestand planting seasons. Adopting measures of improving varieties, optimizing crop distribution, and adjusting plantingpatterns could reduce the straw yield. Vigorously developing straw biomass energy industry could fortify consumingnearby straw. Accelerating R ＆ D of matched machinery and equipment could enhance the straw collecting efficiency.Making overall plans to develop economy, society and ecological effect, etc. sustainable agricultural technology werefavorable for solving straw surplus problem and promoting the full dose utilization of straw.

关 键 词：秸秆过剩 区域性 结构性 季节性 利用途径 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]