儿童迟发性听力损失19例分析  

Analysis of 19 Children with Late-onset Hearing Loss

作　　者：林彬[1,2] 王挥戈[1,2] 林楚忠 

机构地区：[1]汕头市潮南民生医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,广东汕头515100 [2]汕头大学医学院第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,广东汕头515041

出　　处：《黑龙江医学》2017年第4期323-324,共2页Heilongjiang Medical Journal

基　　金：广东省医学科技技术研究基金项目(WSTJJ2009122144050197510194836)

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童迟发性听力损失的发病情况及相关高危因素。方法于2010-12—2012-12间在汕头市潮阳区、潮南区10个镇区街道普通幼儿园的出生时已通过新生儿听力筛查的10 225例2~3岁儿童,根据美国婴幼儿听力联合会(JCIH)2007年建议的迟发性听力损失高危因素进行分组,分成正常组9944例(不具有高危因素),高危组281例(具有高危因素),然后采用儿童听力计进行听力筛查,筛查未通过者转诊进行医学和听力学评估。结果 10 225例筛查对象中,543例儿童初筛未通过,279例儿童复筛未通过,230例儿童转诊进行听力学和医学评估;转诊儿童中有106例被诊断为正常听力,105例诊断为患各种中耳疾病,19例儿童最终诊断为迟发性听力损失。诊断为迟发性听力损失中,正常组为11例,发生率为0.1%,高危组为8例,发生率为2.8%。两组数据统计有高度差别意义。结论具有高危因素的儿童迟发性听力损失发生率远远高于无高危因素的儿童;2~3岁已通过新生儿听力筛查的儿童中,存在一定比例无明显症状的迟发性听力损失者;仅针对具有高危因素的儿童进行听力随访不足以发现学龄前发生的迟发性听力损失,在学龄前各阶段实施听力筛查可以早期发现迟发性听力损失患儿。Objective To investigate the delayed incidence of hearing loss and related risk factors of children. Method 10 225 newborn children 2 ~ 3 years old from December,2010 to December,2012 were researched. According to the American Association of Infant Hearing（ JCIH） 2007 recommending delayed hearing loss risk factors,they were grouped into 9944 cases of normal group（ without risk factors）,and 281 cases of high-risk groups（ with high risk factors）. Through the use of child audiometer hearing screening,those who did not pass the screening had referrals for medical and audiological evaluation. Results Among 10 225 cases of screening subjects,543 children did not pass preliminary screening,and 279 children did not pass the second screening. 230 children referred for audiological and medical evaluations. 106 children were diagnosed with normal hearing,105 cases diagnosed as suffering from a variety of middle ear disease,and 19 children were eventually diagnosed with late-onset hearing loss. In delayed diagnosis of hearing loss,there were 11 cases in normal group,and the rate was 0. 1%; there were 8 cases in high-risk group,and the rate was 2. 8%. Statistical differences between two sets of data were highly significant. Conclusion Children with delayed incidence of hearing loss are much higher than having risk factors children having no risk factors. Among children 2 ~ 3 years old having passed newborn hearing screening,there is no obvious symptom of a certain percentage of tardive hearing loss. Only children with risk factors for hearing delayed follow-up is not sufficient to find preschool hearing loss occuring. The implementation of the various stages of hearing screening in preschool children can have early detection of hearing loss.

关 键 词：儿童 听力筛查 迟发性听力损失 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]