新疆春小麦资源茎秆形态特征与抗倒性的关系  

Relationship between Characters of Culm and Culm Lodging Resistance in Xinjiang Spring Wheat Germplasm Resources

作　　者：李召锋[1] 黄润[2] 刘晓欢 柴亚茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆农业科学院科研管理处,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]第五师88团农业技术综合服务中心,新疆博乐833400

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第4期717-721,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团现代农业科技攻关与成果转化计划(2016AC027);石河子大学科学技术研究发展计划动植物育种专项(GXJS2015-YZ05)

摘　　要：【目的】倒伏是制约新疆小麦产量提高的重要因素,植株茎杆形态特征与抗倒能力密切相关,因此弄清新疆春小麦品种资源抗倒伏性状的遗传变异,明确茎秆形态特征与抗倒性的关系,为新疆抗倒高产春小麦品种选育奠定基础。【方法】采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法,对40份新疆春小麦品种资源茎秆抗到伏相关性状遗传变异进行了分析,并对抗倒性及其相关性状的关系进行了相关分析及通径分析。【结果】第二节间充实度、第二节间干重及倒伏指数的变异系数较大,株高、重心高及第二节间粗的变异系数较小。重心高、第二节间粗、第二节间壁厚、第二节间茎秆机械强度与倒伏指数密切相关,重心高较低、茎秆基部第二节间壁厚、茎秆机械强度大的品种抗倒性较强。逐步回归及通径分析表明,重心高、地上部分鲜重、第二节间壁厚、第二节间机械强度是决定抗倒性的主要因素。【结论】提高新疆春小麦品种的抗倒性,关键是协调好地上部分鲜重与第二节间机械强度之间的关系,增进茎秆机械强度,提高茎秆质量,适当增加地上部分鲜重。第二节间壁厚可作为评价茎秆机械强度的间接指标。[ Objective] Lodging was a very important factor limiting yield of wheat, while culm characters were closely related to culm lodging resistance. So accurate description of the genetic variation of culm lodging resistance related characters in Xinjiang spring wheat germplasm resources and clear deciphering the relationship between culm lodging resistance and culm characters were important for launching lodging resistance, high-yield breeding in spring wheat in Xinjiang. [ Method ] The lodging index and its related characters of 40 spring wheat cultivacs in Xinjiang by field experiment and laboratory analysis were studied, and the relationship between lodging index and its influence factors was analyzed. [ Result ] The variation coefficients of filling degree of 2^nd stem, dry mass of 2^nd stem and lodging index were larger, while those of plant height, high center of gravity and diameter of second stem were smaller. Lodging index had close relationships with the characteristics of high center of plant gravity, stern diameter, wall thickness and mechanical strength of the 2^nd stem. Lodging resistance cuhivars of high center of plant gravity was lower, wall thickness, mechanical strength of the 2^nd stem were larger. Stepwise regression showed that the fresh plant weight of overground part, the mechanical strength of the 2^nd stem, high center of gravity and wall thickness of the 2^nd stem were main factors for determining the lodging resistance. [ Conclusion ] The key to improve lodging resistance of spring wheat in Xinjiang province was to coordinate the relationship of the fresh plant weight of over ground part and mechanical strength of the 2^nd stem, enhance the mechanical strength of stem, improve the quality of the 2^nd stem and appropriately increase the fresh plant weight of over ground part. The wall thickness of the 2^nd stem could be served as a reliable index of evaluating the mechanical strength.

关 键 词：春小麦 品种资源 抗倒性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]