与爱因斯坦宇宙学常数相关的狭义相对论:评介德西特不变和反德西特不变狭义相对论  

Special relativity related to the Einstein's cosmological constant: A review to De Sitter/Anti De Sitter Invariant Special Relativity

作　　者：闫沐霖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代物理系,交叉学科理论中心,合肥230026

出　　处：《科学通报》2017年第12期1241-1255,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11375169)资助

摘　　要：通常的狭义相对论是在庞加莱变换下不变的,它的基本度规为闵科夫斯基时空度规,该度规满足没有宇宙学常数L的真空爱因斯坦方程.本文指出:L10时的狭义相对论是德西特/反德西特不变狭义相对论.求解L10的真空爱因斯坦方程,得到这种拓展的狭义相对论的基本度规是陆启铿-邹振隆-郭汉英1974年提出的Beltrami度规;用欧拉-拉格朗日方程证明Beltrami时空的自由粒子运动是惯性运动.本文求出了德西特/反德西特不变狭义相对论的全部凯林(Killing)矢量,证明了Beltrami时空是最大对称性空间,导出来全部守恒量.构造了理论的正则形式,发现了正、负正则能量的色散关系的不对称性;实现了正则量子化,导出了相对论性波方程,从而建立了德西特/反德西特不变的相对论量子力学.简要介绍了通过天文观测原子(或离子)能级劈裂来探测精细结构常数a改变的实验.实验结果在4~5σ置信度内否定了庞加莱不变狭义相对论的预言,发现在z≈{1~3}处ɑ_z≠ɑ_0.由于原子或离子能级的精细结构是相对论量子力学的结果,所以观测实验支持在红移z≥1的狭义相对论量子力学中的L修正不可忽略.这是对德西特/反德西特不变狭义相对论的实验支持,是超出现有物理学标准模型的新物理.Common Special Relativity（SR） is invariant under Poincaé transformations and its basic space-time metric is Minkowski metric which satisfies the vacuum Einstein equation without cosmologic constant ∧. In this paper it is shown that when∧≠0, Poincaé invariant SR becomes De Sitter/Anti De Sitter（dS/AdS） Invariant SR. Solving the vacuum Einstein equation with non-zero ∧ and considering the inertial moving law for free particle（the first Newton law）, it is found that the generic basic metric for SR with ∧≠0 is the Beltrami metric, which was originally suggested by Lu-Zou-Guo in 1974. In this present paper all Killing vectors for Beltrami metric are presented via solving the Killing equations, and that Beltrami space-time has maximum symmetries is shown. Through this way all conservative qualities are found, and dS/AdS invariant SR is formulated. The canonic formalism for dS/AdS SR mechanics has been derived. We find out that the corresponding dispersion relations of positive-version and negative-version Hamiltonian are not symmetric. Comparing with common SR this asymmetry property coming from ∧≠0 is very special. We conjecture that it may leat to reveal the reasons for understanding matter-antimatter asymmetric in the evolutions of the Universe. By using canonic quantization, we formulate dS/Ad S SR Quantum Mechanics. The corresponding SR quantum wave equations are given. We briefly introduce and comment the experiments to detect the fine-structure constant（a） variations via observing the absorbtion spectrums of atoms（or ions） at z≈1 ~ 3 against quasar＇s lines. Such a-change experiment results are against the prediction of that a keeps unchange, which come from the Poincaé invariant SR. Considering that a-changes in dS/AdS invariant SR atomic physics have been confirmed in theory, such a-change experiment results could be thought as a support to dS/AdS invariant SR. The physics of dS/AdS-invariant SR is beyond the standard model of physics.

关 键 词：爱因斯坦宇宙学常数 德西特不变和反德西特不变狭义相对论 相对论量子力学 光谱的精细结构 精细结构常数的改变 

分 类 号：O412.1[理学—理论物理]