北京市民用燃煤烟气中气态污染物排放特征  

Emission Characteristics of Residential Coal Combustion Flue Gas in Beijing

作　　者：梁云平[1] 张大伟[1] 林安国[1] 马召辉[1] 邬晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护监测中心,大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第5期1775-1782,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题项目(Z131100006113009);环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409005,20140914);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC17B01)

摘　　要：以北京远郊农村居民常用的蜂窝煤、煤球、烟煤散煤为实验用煤,开展燃烧实验.研究了烟气无机污染物排放因子、VOCs释放情况.结果表明在充分燃烧的条件下,蜂窝煤、煤球、烟煤气态污染物SO2排放因子分别为1.50、1.91、1.62kg·t^(-1);NOx排放因子分别为0.420、0.901、2.20 kg·t^(-1);CO排放因子分别为22.4、37.3、87.3 kg·t^(-1).燃烧排放的NOx和CO的排放因子顺序关系为:烟煤>煤球>蜂窝煤;SO2的排放因子大小顺序分别为:煤球>烟煤>蜂窝煤.获得了北京市2014年3种民用煤燃烧排放的气态污染物的排放清单,烟煤散煤排放的SO2超过了0.55万t,NOx超过了0.75万t,CO超过了29万t.3种煤质燃烧过程中点火和封火阶段VOCs排放浓度相对较高,各阶段VOCs排放因子为点火阶段最高,封火阶段次之.Honeycomb briquet,biomass briquettes and bituminous coal from suburb of Beijing were chosen as testing samples to carry out combustion experiments. The characteristics of inorganic pollutant emission factors and VOCs emission factors released from the flue gas were studied. The results showed that under the condition of sufficient combustion,the average emission factors of SO2 from these three types of coal respectively were 1. 50,1. 91,1. 62 kg·t^-1; NOx0. 420,0. 901,2. 20 kg·t^-1; CO 22. 4,37. 3,87. 3 kg·t^-1.Combustion emission factors of gaseous pollutants for NOxand CO were in the order of bituminous coal 〉biomass briquettes 〉honeycomb briquet. SO2 emission factors were in the order of biomass briquettes 〉bituminous coal〉 honeycomb briquet. The 2014 emissions inventory of the three civil coal combustion pollutants in Beijing was obtained. Bituminous coal emissions of SO2 was more than 5. 5 × 103 tons,NOxwas more than 7. 5 × 10^3 tons,CO was more than 290 × 10^3 tons. All these coal types released more kinds and higher concentrations of volatile organic compounds in ignition phase and damp down stage. VOCs emission factor was the highest during ignition phase,followed by damp down phase.

关 键 词：民用燃煤 烟气 排放特征 排放因子 排放清单 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]