低温环境下绝缘介质表面流注放电特性  

Characteristics of Streamer Discharge Along Insulation Surface in Low-temperature Environment

作　　者：王黎明[1] 叶维平 梅红伟[1] 关志成[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳研究生院,深圳518055

出　　处：《高电压技术》2017年第5期1460-1466,共7页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51307094)~~

摘　　要：目前国内外关于低温条件下绝缘介质表面流注传播特性的研究较少,针对流注的相关试验研究主要在常温下进行。为研究低温低湿环境下绝缘介质表面流注的传播特性,在冰箱冷冻室内利用"三电极"结构研究了均匀场下绝缘介质表面流注的传播特性。主要的测量手段是利用3个光电倍增管来监测流注在介质表面的传播过程。测量了在不同温度下不同绝缘介质表面流注的传播概率,通过数据拟合得到流注的稳定传播场强,并且测量了在不同外加电场强度下流注传播速度的变化规律,最后研究了不同温度条件下流注传播特性的差异。试验结果表明:在低温低湿环境下,流注在绝缘介质表面传播的过程中拥有"沿面分量"和"空气分量"2个分量,流注的稳定传播场强比同条件下纯空气中流注的稳定传播场强大;对于同一种绝缘介质,稳定传播场强与温度近似呈指数下降关系,温度越低,流注的稳定传播场强越大;流注的传播速度随温度的降低而减小,但"沿面分量"的速度受影响的程度较大,大约在(3~8)×10~5 m/s内,而"空气分量"的变化则不太显著,在(1.5~3.0)×10~5 m/s范围内。Few achievements in the research on streamer propagation characteristics along dielectric surface under low- temperature conditions are reported, and most of the experimental study is performed at room temperature. In order to achieve the propagation characteristics under low temperatures, we conducted a series of streamer propagation experi- ments to understand the propagation characteristics under the uniform field by using the three-electrode structure in the refrigerator. An observation system consisting of three photomultiplier tubes was set up to monitor the streamer propaga- tion process. We measured the propagation probability along different insulation surface under different temperature, and obtained the stability field by data fitting. We also obtained the relationship between the streamer propagation velocity and the applied electric field, and studied the difference of the propagation characteristics under various temperatures. The results show that, at low-temperature and humidity environment, the streamer has a ＂surface＂ component and an ＂air＂ component. The stability propagation field is higher than that in pure air gap at the same temperature. For a specific type of insulator, the stability propagation field declines exponentially with the temperature. The lower the temperature is, the greater the stability propagation field is. The velocity declines as the temperature descends, but the ＂surface＂ component changes dramatically at a speed between 3× 105 m/s and 8x 105 m/s while the ＂air＂ component tends to vary slightly in the range of（1.5-3.0）×105 m/s.

关 键 词：沿面放电 低温低湿 均匀场 绝缘介质 流注放电 流注传播电场 流注传播速度 

分 类 号：TM85[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]