“领格表受事”的认知动因  

Cognitive motivation for genitive to express goal meaning

作　　者：完权[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第3期309-320,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：吕叔湘(1946)发现了"领格表受事"现象,并将其句法语义性质概括为:"N的"表面上是"领属性修饰语",但"N""实际上代表动作的对象"。本文论证这种结构存在的动因不是词汇缺项、句法缺位或语义不显。其句法语义性质和离合词、与格结构的关系不大,而和双及物构式联系紧密。这两种结构因不同的交际诉求,而对同一事件采取了不同的概念化方式。"领格表受事"突显双及物事件中的对象,造就了认知上的参照体结构和语法上的领属结构。领属结构有能力表达非领属义,一般"领属结构"和"领格表受事"具有认知和语法上的一致性,在语义上是连续性的包含关系,其中的"的"都有"提高指别度"的功能。The main syntactic-semantic property of para-attributive type C(so-called fake nominal modifier)should be generalized as goal-genitive within which N represents the goal,rather than an apparent possessive modifier.There are three approaches to the motivation of this construction in Chinese,all of which encounter counter examples.This construction differs from a separable word or a dative construction,because it shares many syntactic-semantic properties of ditransitive construction.These two constructions take different conceptualization strategies in ditransitive events for different communication appeals.The goal in a ditransitive event is profiled against V and O in a goal-genitive construction by attaching de(的).Thus,N-O relation turns to be a cognitive referent construction and syntactic possessive structure.Possessives are able to express non-possessive meaning.Cognitively and syntactically,goal-genitive is by no means different from the common possessive.Semantically,there is a class inclusion relation among them.The very function of de in goal-genitive makes no difference from that of other de-constructions,namely,to enhance the demonstrativeness.

关 键 词：领格 准定语 的 双及物 包含关系 参照体结构 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H146.3