中国大陆中纬度带不同等级降水的变化特征  

Variation of Precipitation in Different Classes in Mid-latitude Belt of Chinese Mainland

作　　者：胡钰玲 张莹[2] 朱安豹 王式功[2,1] 尚可政[1] 苏俊礼 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2017年第2期332-342,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划全球变化及应对重点专项(2016YFA0602004);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2013-m03);科技基础性工作专项(2012FY111700)

摘　　要：为研究中国大陆中纬度带不同等级降水的变化特征,利用筛选后的100个测站1960—2014年的日降水量数据,根据站点降水趋势进行区域划分,根据中国不同年降水量对应的降水等级进行强度划分,在此基础上对中国大陆中纬度带不同等级降水分地区、分季节做了详细分析。结果表明:(1)中国大陆中纬度带东、西部降水存在很大的地域性差异,降水类型以中等以下强度降水过程为主且暴雨和大雨主要发生在夏季。(2)全球变暖大背景下,20世纪80年代中期东、西部降水均出现转折,西部降水由少变多,暖湿化加剧;东部降水减少,由湿变干;东、西部降水反相变化。(3)近几十年西部暖湿化加剧的主要表现形式为不同等级年降水量显著增加,东部降水减少的主要表现形式为年暴雨和大雨量减少。(4)东、西部不同等级年降水日数对相应等级年降水量起着决定性作用。(5)东、西部降水日数变化引起的降水量变化远大于降水强度变化引起的降水量变化且东部降水强度对总降水量的贡献较西部大。To study the variation of precipitation in different classes in mid-latitude belt of Chinese Mainland, daily precipitation data about 100 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2014 was collected. Areas are divided on the base of trends of stations＂ annual precipitation. Precipitation intensity is divided on the base of annual precipitation classification criteria of China, and regional and seasonal precipitation in different classes in mid-latitude belt of Chinese Mainland was analyzed in detail. The results show that： （1） Precipitation in western and eastern areas exists regional differences and the main precipitation type of mid-latitude belt of Chinese Mainland is precipitation under moderate intensity. Moreover, rainstorm and heavy rain are prima- rily concentrated in summer. （2） Under the background of global warming, the turning point of annual pre- cipitation in the west and east areas appeared in the middle of 1980s. Annual precipitation increased in the west and decreased in the east in the late 1980s. （3） Annual precipitation of four different classes in the west area has increased significantly and annual precipitation of rainstorm and heavy rain in the east area has reduced in the late 1980s. （4） The variation of annual rainfall days in different classes plays a decisive role in the changing of corresponding class of annual precipitation. （5） Compared to the contribution of precipita- tion intensity to total rainfall, we find that the contribution of rainfall days to total rainfall is great and the contribution of precipitation intensity to total rainfall in the east area is greater than in the west area.

关 键 词：中纬度带 降水量 降水日数 降水强度 趋势 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]