丹江口库区第四级阶地旧石器遗址调查简报  

Field investigation report of the Paleolithic sites discovered in the fourth terraces of the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region

作　　者：李浩[1] 李超荣[1] Kathleen KUMAN 周兴明 王刚 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]南非金山大学地理、考古与环境研究学院,约翰内斯堡WITS2050 [3]湖北十堰市郧阳区博物馆,十堰442500

出　　处：《人类学学报》2017年第2期145-153,共9页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院率先行动“百人计划”青年俊才(C类);中国-南非双边旧石器合作项目资助

摘　　要：丹江口库区是国内发现的又一处阿舍利技术表现较为集中的区域。目前,该地区发现的旧石器旷野地点达100余处,其中经过发掘的地点有30余处。这些地点主要集中在丹江口库区规划淹没水位线以下区域,即汉江和丹江第二级和第三级阶地。为进一步探讨阿舍利技术在该地区出现的最早时间和起源方式等问题,我们对区域内第四级阶地进行了系统野外调查。新发现旧石器时代旷野地点24处,采集石制品273件,其中包括手斧、手镐和石刀等具有阿舍利技术风格的大型工具。研究表明,古人类在原料利用上具有选择性,脉石英主要用于生产中、小尺寸的石制品,而千枚岩和粗面岩主要用于加工阿舍利大型工具。不同类型石核反映了古人类在剥片策略上的多样性。加工技术方面,小型工具与大型工具共存,且不同类型的大型工具反映出较为完整的阿舍利工业器物组合面貌。The Danjiangkou Reservoir Region （DRR） has currently been revealed as another important handaxe-bearing region in China, along with the well-known regions of Dingcun, Luonan and Bose. More than 100 Paleolithic open-air sites were discovered under the systematic investigations of the last two decades. Among them, over 30 sites were excavated, which have provided materials for studying the Acheulean technocomplex in DRR. As an archaeological project to co-operate with the construction of the national South-to-North Water Transfer Project, these sites were mainly distributed in areas that would be submerged after building of the dam, namely, the third and second terraces of the Hart River in DRR. However, the Yunxian hominid site on terrace four indicates that high terraces in DRR contain even older sites. For further exploration of the earliest appearance of the Acheulean in DRR and its pattern of origin, we conducted a systematic field investigation in DRR focusing on the higher elevation terraces. Twenty-four new Paleolithic open-air sites have been found, with 273 artifacts collected from them. Regarding typologies, there are 45 （16.5%） cores and 53 （19.4%） flakes. We further classify the cores into six sub-types, including four casual cores, 20 chopper cores, eight discoidal cores, nine polyhedral cores, one opposed platform core and two irregular cores. Flaking by-products include chunks （n=124, 45.4%）, flake fragments （n=lS, 6.6%） and split flakes （n=6, 2.2%）. In addition, there are 27 （9.9%） formal tools which reflect retouching or shaping technology. Both light-duty and heavy-duty tools were found, for instance, six small-sized scrapers and four large- sized choppers. Importantly, 10 handaxes, six picks and one knife, which possess Acheulean technological characteristics, were also identified from the assemblage. Overall, the analysis of artifacts shows that the raw material usage, along with the flaking and retouching technologies of the DRR hominids, are diverse in character. T

关 键 词：丹江口库区 第四级阶地 阿舍利 手斧 郧县人遗址 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]