从“契照”到土地所有权状——以龙泉司法档案为中心的研究  

From Contract to Ownership Certificate:A Study Based on Longquan Judicial Archives

作　　者：杜正贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2017年第3期36-47,共12页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：香港特别行政区大学教育资助委员会卓越学科领域计划(第五轮)"中国社会的历史人类学"的资助;国家社会科学基金重大项目"龙泉司法档案整理与研究"(批准号:13&ZD151);浙江省社科规划优势学科重大项目"从契约到土地产权状:近代浙江地权证明的习惯;诉讼与司法"(批准号:14YSXK04ZD-1YB)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：中国传统田土诉讼以契约和赋税证明为产权凭证。民国北洋政府和南京国民政府致力于推广新的官方产权证明,强调验契执照、补税执照和不动产登记证、产权状等在诉讼中的证据力。这些文件来自于民国历任政府所举办的多次清理契税、验契、地籍整理和不动产登记。这些政策和行动的目的多为增加财政收入、排除旧册书对赋税征收和地籍档案的控制,它们影响了人们的产权观念和相应的诉讼行为。"照契管业"的习惯,在民众被动接受或主动利用这些制度、政策的过程中,逐渐发生变化。The evidence of land property right in litigation in traditional China included the deal contracts and the farmland tax receipts and archives many of them grasped by eeshu （tax agent） after middle Qing dynasty. The governments emphasized the effect of these official evidences while the local people and court continued using private contracts as ownership evidences. Both the Beiyang government and Nanjing National government in Republic of China promoted people to use the official certificates, such as deed tax receipts, documents of contract verification and ownership certificates. People＇s ideas about ownership and their defense strategies in litigations changed gradually after the government executed land survey.

关 键 词：契约 契税 不动产登记 所有权 龙泉司法档案 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]