脱氮塔中一株异养硝化真菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性  

Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying fungus on denitrification characteristics in denitrifying tower

作　　者：李传宽[1] 邹平[1] 徐志强[1] 陈露蕊 孙珮石[1] 毕晓伊[1] 吴志浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与环境学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第5期2890-2896,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51168046;51278447);云南省自然科学基金资助项目(2015FB111)

摘　　要：在微生物净化燃煤烟气技术研究中,NO、NO_x的脱除效率不高,达不到工艺要求。国内外对于微生物法净化燃煤烟气NO、NO_x的细菌作用研究较多,而对真菌的作用却研究很少。为了提高微生物法对燃煤烟气NO、NO_x的脱除效率,对脱氮塔生物膜中的异养硝化作用真菌进行了分离、纯化及鉴定,通过摇瓶实验研究了真菌对亚硝酸盐(NO_2^-)的作用特征,在脱氮塔中对NO_x的脱除效率进行了实验验证。实验结果:从脱氮塔生物膜中分离纯化的真菌为木霉属的棘孢木霉Trichodema asperellum(简称:1LNL菌株);该1LNL菌株能直接将NO_2^-氧化为NO-3,在实验周期为10 d的条件下,细菌对照组硝化率为31.5%、空白对照组硝化率为8.4%,1LNL菌株的硝化率能达到25.0%,实验证明真菌1LNL菌株具有一定的硝化作用;将1LNL纯菌株扩大培养液400 mL投加到脱氮塔中,NO的脱除率平均提高了4.39%,NO_x的脱除率平均提高了4.00%,真菌1LNL能显著提高脱氮柱NO、NO_x的脱氮效率。在微生物净化烟气中NO、NO_x的研究实践中,真菌的作用应加以重视并应展开更加深入、系统的研究。In the study of microbial technology purifying coal-fired flue gas,the removal efficiency of NO and NO_x is not sufficiently high to meet technical requirements.Locally and internationally,much research has been done on the bacterial purification of NO and NO_x.However,the function of fungi has been poorly studied.To improve the removal efficiency of NO and NO_x,we firstly isolated,purified,and identified fungi from the biofilm of the denitrifying tower.Subsequently,a shake flask experiment was conducted to study its characteristics using nitrite（NO_2^-）,and,finally,we performed further experiments to study its effect on NO and NO_xremoval efficiency in the denitrifying tower.The strain 1LNL was identified as Trichoderma asperellum,and it could directly oxidize NO_2^- into NO_3^-.Ten days later,the nitration rate of the bacteria control group was 31.5%,and the nitrification rate of the blank control group was 8.4%.The nitrification rate of strain 1LNL was 25.0%,showing the nitrification function of strain 1LNL.We placed a pure,expanding culture（400 mL） of strain 1LNL in the denitrifying tower.The removal rate of NO and NO_xincreased by 4.39% and 4.00% on average,respectively.Since strain1 LNL could improve the denitrification efficiency in the denitrifying tower,the role of fungi should be considered and further researched.

关 键 词：脱氮塔 燃煤烟气 真菌 棘孢木霉 异养硝化菌 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]