重庆市涪陵区红层水源水质监测与典型介水性疾病相关性研究  

Correlation Between Water Quality and Water-Borne Diseases in Red Bed Sections in Fuling,Chongqing

作　　者：喻珊[1] 封雷[1] 李吉文[1] 李恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市涪陵区疾病预防控制中心,重庆408000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2017年第5期438-441,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市涪陵区农村红层水源水质和介水性疾病现况,为保护水源、科学改水、防治疾病提供依据。方法对涪陵区内不同乡镇、不同年份修建的5 500口红层井水,分层随机抽取550份水样,对易污染的硝酸盐、锰、菌落总数、总大肠菌群4个指标进行检测,并按GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的分散式供水要求进行评价。采用流行病学研究方法收集全区介水性疾病信息,分析其与水源水质情况的相关性。结果检测生活饮用水550份,硝酸盐、锰、菌落总数、总大肠菌群合格率分别为99.1%、89.6%、46.2%和2.36%。提示菌落总数、总大肠菌群是影响水质合格率的主要因素。菌落总数合格率在不同乡镇比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在不同年份比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);锰含量在不同乡镇不同年份比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示:肝炎、痢疾的发病率与菌落总数合格率呈负相关(r=-0.938,P<0.01;r=-0.961,P<0.01),伤寒和副伤寒与水质无显著关系。结论涪陵地区农村红层水源水质虽未受化学性污染,但菌落总数、总大肠菌群合格率偏低,应引起足够重视。水质情况对介水性疾病影响较大,加强和完善农村地区饮水水质监测体系、提高农民健康饮水的卫生技能和自我保护的意识,从而有效预防介水性疾病的发生。Objective To understand the current situation of water quality and water - borne diseases in rural red bed areas of Fuliang and provide a scientific basis for water source protection, improvement of water quality as well as prevention and treatment of diseases. Methods Water samples were randomly drawn from 550 of 5 500 red bed wells built of different years of different towns and analyzed for four indicators with high risk of contami- nation including nitrate, manganese, total plate count and total eoliforms, the water quality was evaluated ac- cording to GB5749 -2006 Sanitary Standard For Drinking Water; information about water- borne diseases was collected by using epidemiological methods and correlation with water quality was analyzed. Results Among 550 water samples, the conformity rates of nitrate, manganese, total plate count and total coliforms were 99.1%, 89.6%, 46.2%, 2.36%, respectively, indicating that total plate count and total coliforms were the main fac- tors affecting water quality in these areas. Conformity rates of total plate count were statistically different in different towns （ P 〈 0.05 ） but not statistically different in different years （ P 〉 0. 05 ） ; conformity rates of manganese contents were statistically different in different towns and in different years （ P 〈 0 05 ）. The correlation analysis showed that incidence rates of hepatitis and dysentery were negatively correlated to the conformity rate of total plate count （r = - 0. 938, P 〈 O. 01 ; r = - 0. 961, P 〈 0.01 ）, and there was no significant correlation be- tween water quality and typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Conclusion Though water in rural red bed areas in Ful- ing has not been chemically contaminated, the conformity rates of total plate count and total coliforms are low and require sufficient attention. Water quality has certain influence on water - borne diseases, so it needs to strengthen and improve the monitoring system of water quality and improve the peasants＇ self - protection aware- ness

关 键 词：农村 红层水源 介水性疾病 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]