2005-2015年四川省南充市麻疹流行特征分析  

Analysis on Epidemilogical Characteristics of Measles in Nanchong City of Sichuan Province,2005 to 2015

作　　者：黄顺和[1] 杨千三[1] 赵林[1] 何爱学 邹雪平[1] 甘霖[1] 

机构地区：[1]南充市疾病预防控制中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2017年第5期486-491,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析2005-2015年南充市麻疹流行特征,为制定麻疹防控策略,控制和消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统2005-2015年报告的麻疹病例数据进行收集、整理分析,运用描述性流行病学方法分析。结果南充市2005-2015年累计报告麻疹确诊病例4 623例,年均报告发病率为6.37/10万,2007年麻疹发病达最高峰后,2008-2014年均保持在较低水平,2015年麻疹疫情较前5年有所上升。2007-09/2015年全市每年均开展强化免疫及查漏补种活动。开展强化免疫活动前(2005-2007年)麻疹年平均报告发病率为20.09/10万,开展活动后(2008-2015年)麻疹平均报告发病率为1.20/10万,活动前后发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7 943.51,P<0.01);发病季节明显改变,强化免疫活动前以春夏季为发病高峰,活动开展后以冬春季为发病高峰;发病人群由以学生为主改变为以散居儿童为主,同时病例年龄构成发生了变化,<1岁和>15岁组之和占总发病的比例由活动实施前的24.62%上升到实施后的61.05%,呈现"双向移位"。结论保持含麻疹成份疫苗及时有效的高水平的基础免疫,适时开展强化免疫和补充免疫,建立牢固的免疫屏障。同时加强宣传,提高疫苗接种意愿,可以降低适龄儿童麻疹发病水平。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of measles in Nan- chong city from 2005 to 2015, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating the strategy for measles control and elimination. Methods The data of measles cases reported by China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention from 2005 to 2015 were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. Re- suits The total reported number of confirmed measles cases in Nanchong from 2005 to 2015 was 4, 623, and the average annual incidence rate was 6.37/105. The incidence of measles decreased year by year after the peak of measles in 2007. It was found that sporadic measles was predominant in Nanchong with occasional out- breaks in individual collective units. From September 2007 nation activities were carried out in the city each year. The to 2015 immunization campaigns and timely vacci- average annual incidence rate before immunization activity was 20.09/105, and the average annual incidence rate after immunization activity was 1.20/105. There was significant difference before and after the activity （X2 = 7, 943.51, P 〈 0.01 ）. The onset season significantly changed . The peak of disease before immunization activity occurred in spring and summer, and the peak of disease after immunization activity occurred in winter and spring. Before immunization activity mainly students were affected, and after immunization activity mainly scattered children were affected. The age structure of the cases has changed. The proportion of the total incidence of the group of younger than 1 years and older than 15 years increased from 24.62% before immunization activity to the 61.05% after immunization activity. The age structure of the case presented a bidirectional shift. Conclusion We should improve the measles vaccination rate of the school - age population, maintain a high level of immunization with measles vaccine in a timely and effective manner, carry out intensive immunization and supplementary immun

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]