自动灌溉施肥模式对温室黄瓜产量及水肥利用的影响  

Influence of Automatic Irrigation and Fertilization Mode on Yield and Water & Fertilizer Utilization of Greenhouse Cucumber

作　　者：张金良[1] 梁新书[1] 廉晓娟[1] 杨军[1] 王正祥[1] 张余良[1] 王艳[1] ZHANG Jin LIANG Xin-shu LIAN Xiao-juan YANH Jun WANG Zheng-xiang ZHANG Yu WANG Yan(Tianjin Agriculture Resources and Environment Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2017年第5期1-4,10,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：天津市国际合作项目"中以合作基于物联网的智能节水灌溉技术研究"(14RCGFNC00101);天津市重大科技项目"以色列先进农业节水技术引进与示范基地建设"(14ZCDGNC00108)

摘　　要：为了探寻日光温室天津地区适宜的自动化灌溉施肥制度,以秋冬茬黄瓜为试材,以传统手动简易灌溉施肥模式为对照,研究了基于黄瓜需水需肥规律的自动灌溉施肥模式对黄瓜产量及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与手动灌溉施肥相比,自动灌溉施肥可节水22.4%,节肥30.4%;在保证黄瓜正常生长的基础上,显著提高黄瓜单果重以及产量,商品瓜的产量提高11.1%,灌溉水利用率和肥料偏生产力分别提高43.6%和60.0%。因此,自动化灌溉施肥设备依据温室黄瓜需水需肥规律进行水肥管理可以作为黄瓜产量改善及水肥资源高效利用的有效途径之一。In order to explore the appropriate automatic irrigation and fertilization system of solar greenhouse in Tianjin, the conventional manual irrigation mode is taken as comparison, and the influence of automatic irrigation and fertilization model, which is based on the cucumber water requirement rule, on the yield of cucumber and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is studied. The results show that： compared with manual irrigation and fertilization mode, the automatic irrigation and fertilization mode can save water by 22.4% and fertilization by 30.4%; the single fruit weight and yield of cucumber is enhanced significantly with the guarantee of cucumber normal growth, the yield of marketable fruit is enhanced by 11.1%, and the irrigation water utilization efficiency and fertilization production efficiency is enhanced by 43.6% and 60.0%, respectively. So using the automatic irrigation and fertilization equipments to conduct the water and fertilization manage- ment based on cucumber water and fertilization requirement rule can be used as an effective approach to enhance the cucumber yield and water and fertilization utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：自动灌溉施肥 手动灌溉施肥 节水 节肥 水肥利用 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S157.432[农业科学—农业工程]