扬黄灌区不同覆膜滴灌方式对玉米生长及产量的影响  

The Effects of Different Mulching-film Drip Irrigation Modes on Growth Index and Yield of Maize in Yellow River Irrigation District

作　　者：李骏奇[1] 孙兆军[1,2] 焦炳忠[1] LI Jun-qi SUN Zhao-jun JIAO Bing-zhong(College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学环境工程研究院,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2017年第5期42-45,51,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2013BAC02B05);国家科技成果转化项目(2012GB2G300488)

摘　　要：针对西北扬黄灌区干旱缺水、蒸发强烈以及灌溉水利用效率低下的瓶颈问题,在宁夏同心县开展不同覆膜方式下的浅埋式滴灌玉米种植对比试验。通过设置膜内浅埋式滴灌(UF)、膜侧浅埋式滴灌(FS)、无膜浅埋式滴灌(NF)、无膜地表滴灌(CK)4种对比处理种植双行靠地膜玉米。试验表明:覆膜处理平均温度比无膜处理提高2.4℃,日间气温差距最明显时段出现在14∶00-16∶00,最大温差为2.7℃;温度对苗期影响最为显著,UF的出苗时间比FS提前1 d,比NF和CK提前3 d;植株成熟期叶面积指数UF、FS、NF相比CK分别增加了18.9%、14.4%、4%;地上部分干物质积累量UF、FS、NF分别比CK增加了9.7%、6.8%、4.2%;各处理实际产量UF、FS、NF比CK分别高出12.9%、8.2%、2.6%。Aimed at the bottleneck problems of drought, water shortage, strong evaporation and low irrigation water use efficiency in northwest yellow river irrigation district, a comparative test for shallow-embedded drip irrigation maize is conducted in Tongxin County of Ningxia by four kinds of contrast test planting double row by plastic-film maize, including shallow-embedded drip irrigation underfilm （UF）, shallow -embedded drip irrigation film-side （FS） , shallow-embedded drip irrigation no film （NF）, outdoor drip irrigation （CK）. The experiment re- sults show that ： the average temperature of film mulching treatment is 2.4℃ higher than that of no film treatment ; the most obvious tempera- ture difference in daytime is between 14 ： 00-16 ： 00 and the maximum temperature difference is 2.7℃ ; the temperature has the greatest effect on seedling; the sprout time in the area by UF is one day earlier than in the area by FS and three days earlier than in the areas by NF and CK, respectively. The above-grounddry matter accumulation in the areas by UF, FS and NF are increased by 9.7%, 6.8%, 4.2% as compared with the area by CK. The leaf area index at mature period in the areas by UF, FS and NF are increased by 18.9%, 14.4%, 4% as compared with the area by CK, and the yield in the areas by UF, FS and CK are increased by 12.9%, 8.2%, 2.6% as compared with the area by CK.

关 键 词：地膜玉米 地温 浅埋式滴灌 灌溉水生产效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]