虾源哈维氏弧菌的致病性与生物学特性比较分析  

A comparative study on pathogenicity and biochemical characteristics of Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from Penaeus vannamei

作　　者：刘迪[1,2] 房文红[1] 周红霞[3] 王元[1] 陈甜甜[1,2] 李健[1,2] 周俊芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2017年第2期197-205,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(12ZR1436700);公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金(No.201303047);上海市虾类产业技术体系建设项目[沪农科产字(2014)第5号]

摘　　要：哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)是导致养殖对虾暴发弧菌病的重要病原之一。从我国南方养殖凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)分离、鉴定了10株哈维氏弧菌(Vh00947、Vh00949、Vh11011、Vh11014、Vh21217、Vh21218、Vh21220、Vh21229、Vh21231和Vh31487),分别肌注感染健康凡纳滨对虾后发现,菌株Vh21229致病性很弱,Vh00949其次,其它菌株毒力较强;对8种哈维氏弧菌常见毒力基因(Vh1、Vh2、Vh3、Vh4、tox S、hcp、zot和pap6)的检测显示,南方虾源哈维氏弧菌无论强弱毒株都很少携带zot、pap6、toxs和4种Vh基因(≤10%),表明这10个菌株的致病性与这7种常见毒力因子的相关度很低;hcp基因在所有菌株中均有检出,其中强毒株中检出率较高(50%),在较弱毒株(Vh00949)中也存在,表明hcp基因与这些菌株的致病性密切相关,但不是决定性因子。因此,这10株南方虾源哈维氏弧菌菌株的致病性差异应由这8种常见毒力因子以外的未知或未检测到的因子所决定。生化特征分析显示,所有菌株中只有弱毒株Vh21229不能利用D-甘露糖、蔗糖、D-海藻糖,而且只有其赖氨酸脱羧酶反应至阳性,而其它菌株均为阴性,推测导致哈维氏弧菌菌株生化特性改变的某种因子可能对菌株的致病性也产生了影响。药敏实验表明,10株哈维氏弧菌均对环丙沙星、氯霉素、恩诺沙星、美罗培南、头孢曲松、多西环素、头孢吡肟、诺氟沙星敏感,而对氨苄西林耐受性强,表明在虾类养殖过程中应当严格规范和控制抗菌药物尤其是青霉素类药物的使用。Vibrio harveyi is one of the major pathogens responsible for the shrimp vibriosis. In this study, 10 V. harveyi strains （Vh00947, Vh00949, Vhll011, Vhll014, Vh21217, Vh21218, Vh21220, Vh21229, Vh21231 and Vh31487） were isolated from Penaeus vannamei in southern China and identified. The animal infection experiment showed that all the strains were virulent to P. vannamei except Vh21229 and Vh00949. The detection of 8 common virulence genes of V. harveyi （ Vhl , Vh2 , Vh3 , Vh4 , toxS, hcp, zot and pap6） showed that these southern China shrimp-derived V. harveyi strains, whether virulent or lentogenic, rarely carried zot, pap6 and 4 Vh virulence genes （ 〈 10% ） , indicating that the pathogenicity of these 10 strains was in low relation to the 7 common virulence genes. The hcp gene was found in both virulent and lentogenic strains, suggesting that hcp gene is closely related to the pathogenicity of the 10 strains, but not the decisive factor and the pathogenicity of 10 strains was decided by some unknown or undetected factors other than the 8 common virulence factors. The biochemical characteristics analysis showed that in the 10 strains, Vh21229 strain was the only one that was negative for D-mannose, sucrose and D-trehalose while positive for lysine decarboxylase. So it is speculated that the factors altering the biochemical charcteristics of V. harveyi also alter its pathogericity. The drug susceptibility test showed that all the 10 strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, cefepime and norfloxacin but highly resistant to ampicillin, suggesting that the antimicrobial agents, especially penicillins, should be strictly controlled during the shrimp farming.

关 键 词：哈维氏弧菌 致病性 毒力基因 药敏实验 生化特征 

分 类 号：Q93-331[生物学—微生物学]