双季超级稻“三高一保”栽培的产量形成特征研究  

Effects of “Three High One Ensure” Cultivation Pattern on Yield Formation Characteristics of Double Super Hybrid Rice

作　　者：彭春瑞[1] 陈金[1] 邱才飞[1] 钱银飞[1] 陈先茂[1] 关贤交[1] 邓国强[1] 谢江[1] 潘晓华[2] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330200 [2]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2017年第2期205-213,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A04;2013BAD07B12);江西省主要学科与学术带头人培养计划~~

摘　　要：为探明"三高一保"栽培模式下双季超级稻的产量形成特征,在江西省南昌以超级早稻金优458和超级晚稻淦鑫688为材料进行3年5季的田间试验,比较了"三高一保"栽培和常规栽培下产量、库容、干物质生产与分配、根系生长及养分吸收特性差异。结果表明,与常规栽培相比,"三高一保"栽培显著提高了双季超级稻产量,早、晚稻产量分别提高了15.1%和18.2%(P<0.05);"三高一保"栽培不仅能显著增加双季超级稻的颖花量和库容量,而且能提高全生育期的LAI、生育后期叶片净光合速率,增加干物质生产量,同时提高茎鞘输出率,增加穗部干物质分配的比重。"三高一保"栽培促进根系生长,提高全生育期根系干物质量和根系活力,增加养分吸收量。由此可见,双季超级稻"三高一保"栽培可以扩库增源促流、促进根系生长和养分吸收,这是其增产的重要生理基础。In order to explore the yield formation characteristics of double super hybrid rice under ＂Three High One Ensure＂ cultivation pattern, a field experiment of for seasons during 3 years was conducted in Nanchang of Jiangxi Province.Super early rice cultivar Jinyou 458 and super late rice cuhivar Ganxin 688 were used in early and late season cropping,respectively.The differences in yield, sink potential, dry matter production and distribution, root growth and nutrient uptake under ＂three high one ensure＂ cultivation pattern （SGYB） were compared with those under the conventional high-yielding pattern.The results showed that SGYB significantly improved the yield of double super rice compared with the conventional high-yielding pattern and the early and late rice yields were improved by 15.1% and 18.2%, respectively （P〈0.05）.The SGYB not only significantly increased the total spikelets and sink potential of double super rice but also improved the increase of LAI during the whole growth period, leaf net photosynthetic rate during the late growth period and dry matter production.Moreover, the SGYB enhanced the translocation of dry matter from stems （including sheaths） and increased panicle ratio to biomass.The root dry weight and root activity of double super rice were improved by SGYB and nutrient uptake was increased. Thus, the promotion of sink, sources, and flow, the improvement of root growth and nutrient uptake are the important physiological basis for increasing the yield of SGYB.

关 键 词：栽培模式 双季超级稻 产量 生长特性 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]