从层次结构变化看中国高等教育过度与不足  

Analysis of in Oversupply and Undersupply of Higher Education in China from the perspective of Hiberarchy Changing

作　　者：冯磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第3期109-115,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

摘　　要：由政府主导的中国高等教育大众化进程因与社会经济发展等因素缺乏较高的契合度,在催生教育过度的同时也伴随着教育不足。通过对2004年以来中国高等教育层次结构由大到小三个层面的数据分析来探究目前高等教育的过度和不足问题。研究表明,在整体层面上,高等教育各层次比例仍不协调,专科比例受挤压严重;学科层面上的层次结构不断朝合理的方向调整;《中国制造2025》的发布使工程教育发展面临更多考验,工科各层次人才比例需要逐渐调整,尤其是向高层次创新人才和高技术应用人才方面倾斜。由此揭示了中国高等教育不同层面的过度与不足。The process of the massification of higher education in China is dominated by the government. As a result,oversupply and undersupply of higher education both exist in China. This paper gives an analysis of oversupply and undersupply of higher education based on three aspects of hiberarchy of higher education in China from 2004. Research shows that the proportion of different levels of higher education is still not harmonious in the overall level,especially the seriously squeezed state of the proportion of junior college students. The hierarchy of discipline level is constantly adjusting towards a reasonable direction. The release of Made in China 2025 makes engineering education face more challenges. In this area,the proportion of different levels needs to adjust gradually,inclining to high-level innovative talents and high technology applied talents. These changes of hiberarchy have revealed the problems of oversupply and undersupply of the different levels of higher education in China.

关 键 词：高等教育大众化 教育过度 教育不足 层次结构 《中国制造2025》 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]