不同营养基质配方对番茄幼苗抗盐性的影响  

Formulated Fertilizers Added to Soil-free Media for Tomato Seedlings Grown Under Salt Stress

作　　者：王利民[1] 吴一群[1] 黄东风[1] 李昱[1] 林琼[1] 罗涛[1] 栗方亮[1] 何春梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2017年第4期382-386,共5页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省农业科学院科技创新项目(2014CX-5);福建省农业科学院"双百"项目(sbmb1607);福建省科技计划项目--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2015R1022-2;2016R1021-6);福州市市校合作项目(2012-G-118);福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(2014S1477-1)

摘　　要：采用正交试验设计方法,以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩(重量比3∶1∶1)为育苗基质,并配施生物有机肥、三元复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O,15^(-1)5^(-1)5)和硅钙肥等基质营养,研究不同肥料配方的育苗基质分别在0(对照)、100mmol·L^(-1) NaCl下对"石头168"番茄幼苗生长生理特征的影响。结果表明,相比其他育苗营养基质处理,营养基质﹟8(有机肥12.5g·kg^(-1)、三元复合肥5.4g·kg^(-1)和硅钙肥0.54g·kg^(-1))所育番茄苗的壮苗指数、根系干物质量、地上部分植株干物质量及叶绿素a/b等生长生理参数均表现较优,分别为1.199、1.000g·株^(-1)、10.700g·株^(-1)、1.065mg·(g·FW)^(-1);营养基质﹟4(有机肥6.75g·kg^(-1)、三元复合肥2.70g·kg^(-1)和硅钙肥1.08g·kg^(-1))的番茄幼苗植株生长速度相对较快,而叶片电解质相对外渗率则较低。因此,﹟8(有机肥12.5g·kg^(-1)、三元复合肥5.4g·kg^(-1)和硅钙肥0.54g·kg^(-1))和﹟4(有机肥6.75g·kg^(-1)、三元复合肥2.70g·kg^(-1)和硅钙肥1.08g·kg^(-1))番茄育苗营养基质均能明显改善幼苗的抗盐生长生理性状。An orthogonal experiment was conducted on soil-free media with differently formulated fertilizations for cultivating seedlings of Solanumon lycopersicum under salt stress.It aimed to develop an optimally formulated fertilizer that could maximize the resistance to salt stress for the tomato plantlets.The basic medium used in the lab experimentation was a mixture of peat/vermiculite/pearlite in a 3/1/1ratio by mass.An organic fertilizer,a compounded 15/15/15 NPK fertilizer,or a calcium silicate fertilizer at varied rates was added to the medium.An artificial salinity was created by using a 100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl solution for the planting irrigation,as compared to control with tap water.The morphological and physiological responses of the tomato seedlings under the cultural conditions were observed and compared.The results indicated that the seedlings grown on Medium No.8,which contained NPK fertilizer 5.4g·kg^(-1),organic fertilizer 12.5g·kg^(-1),and calcium silicate fertilizer 0.54g·kg^(-1),showed a growth with high seedling index(1.199),root dry mass(1.00g·plant^(-1)),above ground dry biomass(10.70g·plant^(-1)),and chlorophyll a/b(1.065 mg·g^(-1) FW),while those grown on Medium No.4,which consisted of NPK fertilizer 2.70g·kg^(-1),organic fertilizer 6.75g·kg^(-1),and calcium silicate fertilizer 1.08g·kg^(-1),exhibited a relatively high plant height increasing rates and low electrolyte leakages.It appeared that the two combinations for the fertilization as tested might be potentially applicable for the seedling cultivation under salt stress.

关 键 词：抗盐性 肥料配方 生长性状 叶绿素 电解质相对外渗率 

分 类 号：S59[农业科学—作物学]