北京地区五环内冬季园林绿地中裸土调研及其分布特征  

Investigation and distributions of the bare lands among gardens and greenbelts in winter within the 5th Ring of Beijing

作　　者：张骅[1] 王心语 张骏达 曲炳鹏 王小平[2] 龚小强[1] 张璐[1] 孙向阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]北京市园林绿化局,北京100081

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2017年第2期79-84,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目;北京市绿地林地土壤质量提升关键技术研究与示范(Z161100001116061);北京市园林绿化局青年科技专项任务书;新常态下园林绿化科研创新管理体系研究(2015-01)

摘　　要：在中国北方地区,伴随阔叶植物冬季落叶造成大量土地出现季节性裸露。土壤在裸露情况下极易造成扬尘污染和空气污染,进而成为中国北方城市雾霾污染逐渐加重的重要组成部分;因此,准确掌握冬季裸露土地的分布情况和建立合理的治理方案,对中国北方城市的环境保护和生态建设具有重大意义。本文以北京城区五环内园林绿化用地中的裸地为调查对象,采用《全国土壤调查技术规程》中要求的调查方法,根据棋盘式布点法布设100个调查样点,调查总面积25万m^2,占北京地区五环总面积的3.73%,按照草坪裸地、灌木裸地、树穴裸地3种类型进行分类研究。园林绿化用地总面积为8万7 539.84 m^2,仅占总样方面积的35.02%,可见,北京城区内仍是以建筑、公路等硬化用地组成。在园林绿化用地调查样点中,草坪绿地、灌木绿地、树穴绿地面积分别为6万6 647.30、1万6 329.64和4 562.91 m^2,证明北京城区五环内园林绿化用地以草坪绿地为主。裸地分布调查结果显示草坪裸地对裸地面积的贡献率达78.11%,是北京地区五环内主要裸地类型。在100个全部的调查样地中,43.42%的草坪绿地以及24.25%灌木绿地冬季变成裸地,而树穴裸地比例达到90.91%,证明北京城区五环内树穴在冬季基本无覆盖。通过对裸地区域分布研究发现,裸地面积排序前20个样点中有13个样点分布在南四环到南五环之间,裸地面积占总裸地面积的51.66%。裸露的土地不仅造成北京城区内水土流失和土壤养分下降,也加重雾霾污染程度,降低城市空气质量,建议在北京地区五环内推广种植具备抗寒性的冷季型草坪草品种替代现在易枯萎草坪草品种,使用园林绿化废弃物加工产物作为覆盖物对其余裸土类型进行有效覆盖,严格控制北京城区冬季裸地面积,为北京冬季城市生态环境发展保驾护航。[Background]In the north of China,large area of bare land accompanied with leaf dropping of broad leaved plant in winter,easily resulting the dust pollution and air pollution.It is important reason for the gradually worse of haze pollution in the northern cities of China.Thus,accurately grasping the distribution of bare land in winter and establishing a reasonable management plan is of significance forenvironmental protection and ecological construction of northern cities of China.[Methods]Beijing,as one of the most representative cities in the north of China,was taken as the survey object in this study.The bare lands of gardens and greenbelts within the 5th Ring of Beijing were investigated using survey method defined in the National Soil Survey Technical Regulation.Total 100 survey samples were set up with board type location method.And 250 000 m^2,accounting for 3.73% of the total area of 5th Ring of Beijing,were investigated.The study was carried out by 3 types of bare lawn,bare shrubs,and bare tree-pit land.[Results] Area of greenbelts was 87 539.84 m2,accounting for 35.02% of total area of this survey,suggesting that the majority within 5th Ring of Beijing occupied by hardening land such as buildings and roads.Among the surveyed greenbelts,the area of lawn green,shrubs green,and tree-pit green was 66 647.30 m2,16 329.64 m^2,and 4 562.91 m^2,indicating the lawn green was the main proportion of greenbelts within the 5th Ring of Beijing.The results for bare land demonstrated that the contribution rate of bare lawn to total bare land was 78.11%,i.e.,it was the major type of bare land within the 5th Ring of Beijing and corresponding measures should be firstly taken to improve bare lawn in future.Among 100 surveyed samples,43.42% lawn green and 24.25% shrubs green became bare land in winter;moreover,the proportion of tree-pit green becoming bare land was up to 90.91%,indicating that there was no coverage for most tree-pits in winter.The regional distribution of bare land showed that13 of top 20 surveyed plots of

关 键 词：北京城区 冬季裸地 草坪绿地 地面覆盖 生态效益 

分 类 号：S159.2[农业科学—土壤学]