中西弹拨乐器单音乐音结构比较分析  

Contrastive Analysis on Tonal Structure of Single Notes Played by Chinese and Western Plucked String Musical Instruments

作　　者：谢凌云[1] 刘靖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学传播声学研究所,北京100024

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期159-166,共8页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAH66F02);中国传媒大学理工重点规划项目(3132016XNG1603)

摘　　要：音调特性是乐器的音乐声学属性中重要的一部分,通常用基于DFT的音级时频图(Chromagram)表示音乐内容的乐音结构,从而提取音调信息.应用CQT替代DFT,直接实现符合十二平均律的信号频域表示.由CQT得到的频谱图,进行频率到音级的映射即可得到音级图.据此提取了4种民族弹拨乐器和4种西方弹拨乐器的常用单音的音级图后,通过对比分析,发现民族弹拨乐器与西方弹拨乐器在单音内部的乐音结构上存在差异,中国民乐在单音中有较多音级同时具有较大的能量.这种差异与中西乐感知协和性上的差异相似.The tonal feature is an important part in the musical acoustical characteristics of musical instruments.Chromagram is usually used to present the tonal structure of music content,and then extract tonal information from it.The Constant-Q Transform（CQT）is proposed to extract chromagram from single notes played by musical instruments.CQT can transform temporal signal into frequency domain corresponding to twelve-tone equal temperament.After CQT,the spectrum is mapped from frequency to pitch class, which generates the chromagram.Chromagram of common-played single notes from four Chinese plucked string musical instruments and four western ones are compared and analyzed.The difference exists in the tonal structure of single notes between Chinese and western plucked string musical instruments,which is similar to that in consonance between Chinese and western music.

关 键 词：弹拨乐器 乐音结构 音级图 协和性 常数Q变换 

分 类 号：O429[理学—声学]