北京动物园圈养平原斑马种群统计学与遗传学分析  

Demographic and Genetics Analysis of a Captive Population of Common Zebra( Equus burchelli) at Beijing Zoo

作　　者：由玉岩[1] 周军英 杜洋[1] 李莹[1] 曹长雷[3] 

机构地区：[1]圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京动物园,北京100044 [2]中国动物园协会,北京100037 [3]长江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,重庆408100

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2017年第2期222-227,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30770361)资助

摘　　要：根据1971~2013年北京动物园圈养平原斑马的数据,应用种群管理软件SPARKS v1.6和PMx v1.0对北京动物园斑马圈养种群进行数据整理、统计学和遗传学分析。结果显示该种群数量呈现稳定缓慢增长的状态。目前,北京动物园斑马种群面临的问题主要为性别比例偏离了斑马固有的一雄多雌的种群结构,雄性个体较多;基因多样性丢失较快。奠基者的后代数明显不均衡,导致现今基因多样性下降至83%,并存在大量半同胞间的近亲繁殖,且现有可配对个体严重不足。1岁前是幼龄斑马的死亡高峰期,流产、死胎为死亡主要原因,其次为外伤致死。建议在北京动物园引进新个体,建立2个健康的斑马圈养种群,做好配对选择及过多育龄雄性的分群,以减少竞争引发的死亡,增加潜在奠基者的繁殖机会,从而尽快扩大种群数量,并减少后代过多奠基者个体的繁殖机会。We conducted a data collation and demographic statistical and genetic analysis based on data collected on captive common zebra（ Equus burchellii at Beijing Zoo from 1971 to 2013. We used the population management software SPARKS vl. 6 and PMx vl. 0. The zebra population in- creased continuously. The main problem for management of the zebra population is that the sex ratio deviated yielding a surplus of males, and rapid loss of genetic diversity due to polygamy. The numbers of offspring from founders is unbalanced, which has led to a decline in genetic diversity to 83%. There are many inbred descendants among half -sib relatives and a seriously shortage of individuals suitable for breeding. The mortality peak of young zebras is 〈 1 year of age. The main causes of mortality are abortion, fetal death, follow by traumatic death. We recommend introduc- tion of new individuals to establish two healthy captive populations of zebra. Careful selection of in- dividuals for mating and separation of excessive numbers of mature males could reduce death caused by competition while increasing the breeding opportunities for potential founders. These measures would enable expansion of the zebra population as soon as possible while reducing the breeding opportunities for founder whose descendants are already numerous.

关 键 词：斑马 动物园 圈养种群 繁育 遗传管理 

分 类 号：Q959.843[生物学—动物学]