不同道路环境对喜鹊巢址选择的影响  

Factors Influencing Nest-Site Selection by Pica pica in Different Street Environments

作　　者：闫永峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生命科学学院,商丘476000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2017年第2期254-257,共4页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：河南省动物营养代谢与遗传改良科技创新团队(C20130058);河南省科技攻关计划项目

摘　　要：2010年11月~2011年2月,通过对商丘及郑州地区道路两侧喜鹊(Pica picas)营巢情况的调查,从巢位选择、营巢树木特征、周边环境因素等方面探究了不同因子对喜鹊巢址选择的影响。共观测鸟巢39个,可测变量13个,营巢树种均为枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)。χ~2检验结果表明,喜鹊选择营巢的行道树高度一般大于16 m、树径一般大于0.2 m;营巢位置多距树顶2~5 m且多选择分枝数为3的树木营巢。Hotelling T^2检验表明,营巢树木特征值与相邻非营巢树木总体上存在极显著差异,在巢下郁闭度和整体郁闭度等方面都有极显著性差异(P=0.001<0.01)。主成分分析结果表明,营巢树木距公路的距离、营巢树木高度、鸟巢距最近民房距离、营巢树木直径和巢分枝数是影响喜鹊巢址选择的5个主要因子;说明喜鹊在巢址选择时,主要考虑到道路环境的影响,其次考虑道路两旁人类活动的频繁程度。建议在以后的道路建设中,适当增加行道树的行数,以增加喜鹊营巢巢树的数量。The nest -site selection of common magpie （ Pica pica）was researched in Shangqiu and Zhengzhou from November 2010 to February 2011. We studied 39 nests and measured 13 varia- bles. All nest trees were poplars （Pterocarya stenoptera）with height over 16 m, and diameter o- ver 0. 2 m. Common magpie preferred to nest on trees with 3 branches at elevations 2 to 5 meters from the treetop. The feature value of nest trees was significantly different from that of non - nest trees, especially in terms of canopy density beneath nests and overall canopy density （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Five main factors affected nest- site selection of Pica pica, viz. distance from nest tree to road, height of nest tree, distance from nest tree to residential area, diameter of nest tree, and number of branches at nest sites. Proximity to roads was the main concern in nest site selection by Pica pi- ca. This was followed by the frequency of human activities along roadsides. This suggests that when building roads, rows of roadside trees should be properly increased to increase the availabili- ty of nest trees for Pica pica.

关 键 词：道路 环境 喜鹊 巢址选择 

分 类 号：S718.42[农业科学—林学]