衡谷12号早熟性以及最晚播期和适宜留苗密度研究  

Study on the Early Maturity,the Latest Sowing Date and the Suitable Seedling Density of Henggu No.12

作　　者：郝洪波[1] 崔海英[1] 李明哲[1] 刘贵波[1] 杨建忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所河北省农作物抗旱研究实验室,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2017年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家谷子糜子产业技术体系项目(CARS-07)

摘　　要：衡谷12号是河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所在街谷9号繁种田发现的超早熟变异株,经系统选育而成,其生育期极短,夏播仅58 d左右,突出特点是超早熟。探明该品种早熟特性、最晚播期以及最佳留苗密度,可以为其合理利用提供依据。以3个早熟和2个中熟谷子品种为对照,在4月16日~8月31日每隔15 d播种1期,研究了不同播期下衡谷12号生长发育阶段的变化;同时,采用二因素(播期、密度)随机区组试验设计,其中,播期设6月11日和8月11日2个水平,留苗密度(用播量、行距和株距调)设75.0万、112.5万、150.0万和187.5万、225.0万、262.5万和300.0万株/hm^2计7个水平,研究了不同播期与密度组合下衡谷12号产量的变化。结果表明:衡谷12号生育期较短,在8月15日播种仍可成熟,且在不同播期条件下生育期均稳定在58d左右,营养生长阶段缩短、穗分化较中早熟品种提前47~62d是导致其较早成熟的主要原因。衡谷12号在6月11日播种、留苗密度为187.5万株/hm^2时产量达到最高,为2 447.93 kg/hm^2;8月11日播种会造成谷子明显减产,要获得较高产量,就应适当增大种植密度,晚播高产的适宜留苗密度为225.0万~2625万株/hm^2,产量可以达到2 010.43~2 076.40 kg/hm^2,其中,262.5万株/hm^2密度处理的产量略高于225.0万株/hm^2密度处理。衡谷12号不适于正常的大田生产,可作为超早熟种质资源进行研究或用于灾后紧急补栽种植。Henggu No.12 is super prematurity new millet variety found in the seed production plots of Henggu No.9 by Institute of Dryland Farming,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.Its growth period is only about 58 days,and this is its prominent characters.The study of its early maturity,the late sowing date and the best sowing density can provide the basis for the reasonable utilization of the variety.The changes of growth and development stages of Henggu No.12 were studied by sowing once per 15 days from April 16 th to August 31 th with 3 early maturing and 2 medium maturing varieties.At the same time,a two-factor（sowing date,density） random experimental design was used.The sowing date was set at two levels,June 11 and August 11,and the seedling density（seeding,row spacing and spacing） was 75.0×10^4,112.5×10^4,150.0×10^4,187.5×10^4,225.0×10^4,262.5×10^4 and 300.0×10^4 plants/hm^2,respectively,the changes of yield under different sowing dates and densities were studied.The results showed that the growth period of Henggu No.12 was short,and it was still mature when it was breed on August 15,and the growth period was about 58 days under different sowing date.The vegetative stage was shortened and the ear differentiation was earlier than that of early-maturing variety 47-62 d,so it was the main reason that it lead to its early maturation.The yield of Henggu No.12 was higher when the seedling density was breed on June 11 and the density was 187.5×10^4 plants/hm^2,the highest yield was 2 447.93 kg/hm^2and the yield was decreased when sowing was delayed,on August 11 the best density was 262.5×10^4 plants/hm^2.The suitable sowing density for late sowing and high yield was 225.0×10^4-262.5×10^4 plants/hm^2,in which the yield could reach 2 010.43-2 076.40 kg/hm^2.I summary,the variety is not suitable for normal field production,but it can be used as a study of ultra-early maturing germplasm resources or emergency replanting planting.

关 键 词：衡谷12号 谷子 超早熟 播期 密度 产量 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]