酒糟-牛粪堆肥复配瓜果类蔬菜育苗基质配方筛选  

Screening of melon and fruit of vegetables grown substrate from different vinasse and cow dung composts mixtures

作　　者：浩折霞[1] 黄大鹏[1] 顾少华[1] 韦中[1] 徐阳春[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第3期457-463,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(41301262);江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20130677);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203001);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD20B05);淮安市产学研协同创新计划项目(HAC2014020)

摘　　要：[目的]通过比较不同配比酒糟-牛粪堆肥基质对不同类瓜果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响,筛选适合西瓜、黄瓜、番茄生长的育苗基质。[方法]以腐熟的牛粪堆肥、酒糟、蛭石为原料复配不同基质配方,研究不同配比基质的理化性质,及其在蔬菜育苗中的应用效果。[结果]复配基质的EC、pH值和通气孔隙要比单纯堆肥、酒糟低;酒糟、牛粪堆肥、蛭石的体积比为65∶15∶20(T5处理)与70∶10∶20(T6处理)的复配基质各项理化性质均在瓜果类蔬菜幼苗生长的适宜范围内,该基质配方培育的瓜果类蔬菜幼苗根茎体积、百株鲜质量、根系活力、叶绿素总量均高于其他配方。西瓜、黄瓜、番茄幼苗生长指标与基质EC值、碱解氮、速效钾的相关性达到显著或极显著水平,且与基质中碱解氮含量相关性最高。[结论]根据不同瓜果类蔬菜幼苗的生长状况,T6处理作为西瓜育苗基质的效果较好,T5处理作为黄瓜、番茄育苗基质的效果较好,可作为其穴盘育苗的推荐配方。[ Objectives ] In order to choose the proper substrate ratio for the watermelon, cucumber and tomato ,we compared the effect of different vinasse and cow dung composts mixtures on the fruits and vegetable seedlings growth. [ Methods] Decomposed cow dung composts ,vinasse and vermiculite were choosen as raw materials for different substrate compositions ,physical and chemical properties of the different ratio substrates were determined and the application effect of those substrates on seedling growth was studied. [ Results ] The results showed that adding a certain amount of vermiculite into vinasse and cow dung composts decreased pH, electrical conductivity （EC） and aeration porosity of substrate. The formulas were made by vinasse, cow dung composts, and vermiculite in the volume ratio of 65 ： 15：25 （ T5）, and vinasse, cow clung composts, vermiculite in the volume ratio of 70 ： 10 ： 20 （ T6 ）. T5 and T6 treatments showed advantage in the physical and chemical properties. The growth indexes of watermelon, cucumber and tomato seedlings were significantly correlated with the available N, electrical conductivity（EC）and available K in the substrate,and the correlation with available N was highest. In addition, seedlings grown in T5 and T6 were better than other eight treatments in the physiological index of seedlings, such as root and stem volume,hundreds strains fresh weight, the root activity, and chlorophyll content. [ Conclusions ] For different kinds of fruits and vegetable seedling,T6 was the best formula for watermelon, and T5 was more suitable for cucumber and tomato. Keywords ： substrate composition ; plug seedling; watermelon; cucumber; tomato; seedling

关 键 词：基质配比 穴盘育苗 西瓜 黄瓜 番茄 幼苗 

分 类 号：S141.5[农业科学—肥料学]