绿色消费各利益相关方角色及影响因素研究  

The Research on the Stakeholders of Green Consumption and Influencing Factors

作　　者：楚春礼[1] 叶頔[1] 徐盛国 鞠美庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《未来与发展》2017年第5期60-68,共9页Future and Development

基　　金：天津市教委社科重大项目"绿色消费促进天津产业生态化的机制与路径研究"

摘　　要：绿色消费通过消费对生产的倒逼机制,将环境保护需求和资源节约纳入消费者日常行为,是世界各国推动可持续发展的有效方式。绿色消费依赖于消费者、企业、政府等利益相关方的联合作用。通过分析绿色消费已有研究,明确消费者、企业、政府等利益相关方推动绿色消费的角色及其影响因素,消费者是绿色消费的执行者和最终落脚点,受到环保意识、教育水平、社会地位等因素的影响,因而推进绿色教育、营造环境保护社会氛围有助于促进消费者的绿色消费;企业绿色消费体现在整个绿色供应链,经济效益为核心目标,受到绿色消费产品倒逼机制影响,因而推行绿色供应链管理、兼顾绿色产品环境效益和经济效益才能真正促进企业的绿色生产;政府是各国绿色消费的主要推动者,通过政策法规、标准规范引导绿色消费,同时通过政府绿色采购实践绿色消费,因而需要持续完善政策规范工具,创新市场经济机制,规范政府绿色采购行为。在推进绿色消费过程中,在国家、区域尺度,需要各利益相关方联合作用,建立绿色生产体系、绿色消费体系和综合保障体系。此外,在绿色消费研究方面,模拟和问卷调查表现出切合性和适用性,访谈作为有益补充也被研究者使用。Green consumption is an effective way to promote sustainable development in the world by incorporating environmental protection needs and resource saving into consumers＇ daily behavior through consumption-to-production mechanism. Green consumption depends on the joint role of consumers, enterprises, governments and other stakeholders. By analyzing the existing researches on green consumption, it clarifies the roles and influencing factors of consumers, enterprises, governments and other stakeholders to promote green consumption. Consumers are the enforcers and ultimate end-points of green consumption. They are affected by environmental protection awareness, education level, social status and other factors, therefore, through promote green education and create a social environment for environmental protection will help to improve the green consumption of consumers; green consumption is reflected in the whole green supply chain, the economic efficiency is the core objective, and it is influenced by the green consumption products＇ forcing mechanism. So the implementation of green supply chain management, taking into account the environmental benefits and economic benefits of green products can really promote the green production of enterprises; the government is the dominant driver of green consumption. It is necessary to guide the green consumption through policies, laws and regulations. Government green procurement is a practical method for green consumption. Therefore, it is necessary for the policy normative tools and the market economy mechanism to be improved. To promote the green consumption, at the national, regional scale, it needs the joint action of all stakeholders, including the establishment of green production system, green consumption system and comprehensive security system. In addition, in the most researches, simulation and questionnaire has been used widely, and interview has been also used as a useful supplement by researchers.

关 键 词：绿色消费 利益相关方 消费者 企业 政府 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]