杜鲁门政府对《雅尔塔协定》的坚持与妥协研究——以1945年中苏谈判为例  

On the Adherence and Compromise of the Truman Administration to the Yalta Agreement——A Case Study of the Sino-Soviet Negotiations in 1945

作　　者：胡德坤[1] 汪凡家 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学边界与海洋研究院,430072 [2]武汉大学历史学院,430072

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2017年第2期3-8,共6页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：杜鲁门政府在1945年中苏谈判之前和谈判期间,对《雅尔塔协定》的态度有所变化。谈判前,杜鲁门政府尽量晚告知国民政府协定内容,并对中方表示会继承罗斯福的决定,且拒绝解释协定内容和介入中苏会谈。这表明其谨慎被动地遵守协定且向中国施压的态度。当苏联在中苏谈判中提出超出协定的要求时,杜鲁门政府在外蒙古问题上采取了不干涉的妥协态度,在东北问题上则积极主动介入中苏谈判,还就某些内容作出具体解释,以抵制苏联的要求,坚持其对协定的理解,并最终使中苏达成了美国能接受的一系列协议。这种态度变化,源于苏联对待协定的态度、美国利益的考虑和彼时国际形势的相应变化。In this paper, we investigate the attitude of the Truman administration toward the Yalta Agreement before and during the Sino-Soviet negotiations in 1945. Before the talks, the Truman administration told the Nationalist government the agreement content as late as possible, expressed their willingness to inherit Roosevelt’s decision, refused to explain the content of the agreement, and intervened in the Sino-Soviet talks,which indicated its cautious attitude toward the agreement and the imposition of pressure on China. The Truman administration, during the Sino-Soviet negotiations, when the Soviet Union raised issues beyond the content of the agreement, took a hands-off attitude in the outer Mongolia issue, but were actively involved in the Sino-Soviet negotiations in the northeast China issue. The Truman administration,in some specific explanations, was against the Soviet Union’sexcessive demands on the northeast problems. It stuck to its understanding of the agreement, and eventually made China and the Soviet Union reach a series of agreements acceptable to the United States. The Truman administration’s change of attitude was based on the Soviet union’s attitude of the agreement, the U.S. interests and the corresponding changes of international situation.

关 键 词：外蒙古 东北问题 雅尔塔协定 杜鲁门政府 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]