高原对工人生理指标的影响分析  

Analyst on Physiological Indicators at Different Altitudes

作　　者：张尧[1] 林建华[1] 王艳[1] 周鼎伦[2] 罗丽霞[2] 徐菁佩 

机构地区：[1]四川电力医院工业卫生管理办公室,成都610065 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2017年第6期560-563,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的测量不同海拔高度在静息状态和运动状态下的生理指标,评价高原对工人生理指标的影响。方法在3个海拔高度测量5个青年男性工人在静息和运动状态及运动恢复过程中的肺通气量、心率、血氧饱和度(SaO_2)等生理指标,用配伍设计的方差分析法分析海拔对各生理指标的影响及运动后恢复情况。结果静息状态,随着海拔的升高,单位体表面积肺通气量和单项动作能量代谢率逐渐下降,但差异没有统计学意义;不同海拔环境的心率和SaO_2差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),平原低于高原。运动状态,肺通气量、单位体表面积肺通气量、单项动作能量代谢率和SaO_2在不同海拔之间差异有显著性。不同海拔的SaO_2恢复差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):500 m平原,在第3分钟仍下降,至第5分钟恢复;3500 m高原,第3分钟即大幅升高,持续至第5分钟;4 200 m在第3分钟继续下降,至第5分钟恢复并升高,但幅度小于3500 m。HR的变化不受海拔高度变化的影响,在不同海拔高度均表现为运动后快速上升,随后恢复,至3分钟时基本恢复至正常。结论高原对工人的生理指标有明显影响,且静息状态和运动状态是不一致的。运动后,心率恢复较快,基本不受海拔高度影响;SaO_2先下降再恢复并超过运动前,但海拔不同恢复过程不同。ObjectiveTo detect and evaluate the effects of physiological indicators influenced by plateau. MethodsFive young workers were recruited in this study. Physiological indictors including pulmonary ventilation, heart rate and SaO 2were detected when workers were in the rest and exercise state at different altitudes. Variance analysis of compatibility design was used to analyze the influence of altitude on physiological indictors and recovery after exercise. ResultsWith the increasing altitude, pulmonary ventilation in each body surface area and energy metabolism rate in each exercise gradually decreased in resting state, but the difference was not statistically significant. The heart rate and SaO 2 of plateau were significantly lower than plain （P 〈 0. 05 ）. In the exercise state, pulmonary ventilation in each body surface area, energy metabolism rate in each exercise and SaO2 were significantly different in different altitudes. As to recovery of Sa02, there was statistical difference between varied altitudes. SaO2 was still falling in the third minute and reversed in fifth minutes at 500 m. SaO2 reversed sharply in the third minute and sustained in fifth minute at 3 500 m. At 4 200 m, SaO2 continued to decline and reversed in fifth minute, but the magnitude is less than 3 500 m. The change of heart rate was not affected change was not the same between the resting state and exercise state. After exercise, heart rate recovered rapidly, and it was not affected by altitude. However, SaO 2 decreased firstly, and then reversed. The recovery process of SaO 2 was different at different altitudes.

关 键 词：高原 肺通气量 心率 血氧饱和度 

分 类 号：R594.3[医药卫生—内科学]