高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量积累对施肥和箭筈豌豆混播水平的响应  

Effect of fertilization and mixture on biomass accumulation of oat pasture in alpine area

作　　者：刘文辉[1,2] 张英俊[1,3] 师尚礼[1] 魏小星[2] 张永超[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]青藏高原优良牧草种质资源研究省级重点实验室,青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]中国农业大学,北京100094

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2017年第2期35-42,共8页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：“现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金”(CA RS-35-41);农业部“青藏高原牧草种质资源保护利用”项目(070401);青海省饲草产业科技创新平台建设资助

摘　　要：采用品种(青燕1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦、林纳)、施肥水平(不施肥、尿素+磷酸二铵、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥、有机肥)和混播水平(0 kg/hm^2、45 kg/hm^2、60 kg/hm^2、75 kg/hm^2)3因素4水平正交试验设计,探讨3个因素影响下燕麦人工草地生物量季节动态。结果表明:3个因素显著影响燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地各器官的生物量。品种在整个生育期影响燕麦茎和穗生物量的积累,并对燕麦生长前期地下和生长后期地上生物量的积累有影响;施肥水平在整个生育期影响叶生物量的积累,并对燕麦生长前期地上和后期地下生物量的积累有影响;混播水平在整个生育期主要影响箭筈豌豆地上生物量、茎和叶生物量的积累。燕麦和地上总生物量积累的关键时期在抽穗—开花期,箭筈豌豆地上生物量积累的关键时期在开花—乳熟期。燕麦茎在整个生育期生物量持续显著增加,而叶和穗生物量增加较平缓;箭筈豌豆茎和叶生物量在生长前期(燕麦开花期前)增长比较平缓,而开花—乳熟期增长迅速。地下生物量显著增加到开花期后基本趋于稳定。3个因素影响下,燕麦人工草地地上和地下生物量均以青海甜燕麦、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥施肥处理、75 kg/hm^2混播水平下最高,平均分别为697.71,662.27、630.54 g/m^2和82.27,82.08和81.25 g/m^2。An orthogonality experiment with three factors and four levels was designed to understand the effect of fertilization（ control,urea ＋（ NH_4）_2HPO_4,urea ＋（ NH_4）_2HPO_4＋ organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer） and mixture（ 0 kg/ha,45 kg/ha,60 kg/ha,75 kg/ha common vetch） on the pasture biomass with different varieties of oats（ Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No. 1,Qinghai No. 444,Qinghai,Lina）. The results showed that the biomass allocation pattern of pasture with A. sativa and Vicia sativa mixture was affected by these three factors significantly. In the whole growth period,the leaf and stem biomass accumulation of oats was affected by different plant varieties,and the varieties influenced the accumulation of belowground biomass at the beginning of the growth stage and of aboveground biomass in the later period. Fertilization affected the leaf biomass accumulation in the whole growth period,and took a part in the accumulation the aboveground biomass at the beginning and the belowground biomass in the later of the growth stage. The level of mixtures affected the aboveground,stem and leaf biomass accumulation of V. sativa in the whole growth period. The key period of oats biomass accumulation was in the heading and flowering stages; while the key period of V. sativa biomass accumulation was in the flowering and milking stages. The stem of oats increased constantly during the growth period,while the leaf and ear increased gently. The stem and leaf biomass of V. sativa increased rapidly in the flowering and milking stages,and the belowground biomass became steadily after the flowering stage. Among the effects of variety,fertilization and mixture,the above-and belowground biomass of cultivated pasture were much higher under the treatments with the variety of A sativa cv. Qinghai,urea ＋（ NH_4）_2HPO_4＋ organic fertilizer and the mixture level of 75 kg/ha,which were 697. 71g/m^2,662. 27g/m^2,630. 54 g/m^2 and 82. 27 g/m^2,82. 08 g/m^2,81. 25 g/m^2 separately.

关 键 词：高寒地区 品种 施肥水平 混播水平 生物量动态 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学] S147.2