试论20世纪初俄国无产阶级政党对土地道路的探索  

On the Exploration of Land Reform by Russian Proletarian Political Party in the Early Twentieth Century

作　　者：秦勃[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共湖南省委直属机关党校,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《长沙大学学报》2017年第1期68-74,共7页Journal of Changsha University

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般课题"列宁土地思想及其中国化研究";编号:XSPYBZC044

摘　　要：土地问题是俄国农业资本主义发展的重大问题,20世纪初沙皇政府、贵族阶层、资产阶级政党、社会民主党等不同社会派别都试图通过提出解决土地问题的主张以获得农民的支持。沙皇政府两次土地改革的失败使得早期资本主义俄国仍然存在农奴制残余,不但没有解决俄国的土地问题,反而使得地主阶级与农民之间的矛盾进一步加深。面对错综复杂的土地问题,俄国资产阶级政党认为要与贵族阶层合作,并说服沙皇政府采用改良的方式通过"温和的"土地改革解决俄国的土地问题。以列宁为代表的无产阶级社会民主党则有着鲜明的土地主张,认为必须以革命的农民式道路清除中世纪农奴制残余,实现土地国有化,最终解决俄国的土地问题。The land issue was a major one in the development of agricultural capitalism in Russia. The Tsarist government, the aristoc-racy, the bourgeois Party, and the social democratic Party of different social factions were trying to solve the land problem so as to get the support of farmers. The unsuccessful experience of the two land reforms of the Russian government resulted in the existence of the remnant of slavery in Russian, which not only failed to solve the land problem in Russia, but also deepened the contradiction between the landlord class and farmers. Faced with the complicated land issue, bourgeois Party in Russia considered the necessity of coopera-ting with the aristocracy and managed to persuade the Tsarist government to solve Russian land problem by the modification method of “moderate” land reform. The social democratic Party with Lenin as the representative had a clear idea of land, and believed that peas-ants 5 revolution was a must for the removal of the serfdom remnants in the medieval, which could solve the Russian land problem final-ly.

关 键 词：列宁 土地革命 资产阶级 改良 

分 类 号：K512.43[历史地理—历史学]