中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂夏季高温下为长季节栽培设施西瓜授粉行为观察  

Behavior of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica as pollinator for long-season cultivated watermelon in tunnel greenhouse under summer high temperature condition

作　　者：苏晓玲 华启云 陈伊凡[2] 蒋侠森 席伟军 赵东绪 别之龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省金华市农业科学研究院,浙江金华321000 [2]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310058 [3]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2017年第1期104-110,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203080);国家蜂产业技术体系(CARS-45-SYZ7);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-26-16)

摘　　要：应用中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂为设施西瓜授粉,对其高温条件下的授粉行为进行对比观察。结果表明:两种蜜蜂的授粉行为相似,但在访花时间、访花间隔、访花频率和采集专一性等行为上存在差异。中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的棚内活动时间分别为5.54 h和5.50 h,与西瓜开花时间基本重合;意大利蜜蜂的单花访花时间3.03±0.17 s比中华蜜蜂的访花时间2.66±0.15 s长,而访花间隔3.22±0.24 s显著低于中华蜜蜂的4.07±0.30 s,访花频率9.53±0.38朵/min显著高于中华蜜蜂的8.09±0.29朵/min。中华蜜蜂在5∶00-7∶00、7∶00-9∶00、9∶00-11∶00采集花粉中西瓜花粉的比例分别为11.03%、13.31%和12.62%,意大利蜜蜂在相应时间段采集花粉中西瓜花粉的比例分别为54.31%、55.97%和32.32%,差异显著。本研究认为中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂都能高效地完成设施西瓜的授粉任务,而且意大利蜜蜂在西瓜授粉上更具优势。The behavior and activity patterns of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera as pollinator for long- season cultivated watermelon in tunnel greenhouse under summer high temperature condition were investigated. The results indicated that the pollination behavior of these two kinds of honey bee species,A. cerana and A. mellifera, were similar, however, the visiting time per flower, visiting time interval, frequency of visiting flower and foraging specificity were different. The activity time of A. cerana and A. mellifera in tunnel greenhouse were 5. 54 h and 5. 50 h respectively, which was incoincident with the time of the watermelon flowering, while the visiting time per flower of A. （3. 03 ±0. 17 s） waslonger than that of A. cerana （2 . 66 ± 0. 15 s ） . The visiting time interval of A. nie/Z,era was 3. 22 ±0. 24 s, which was significantly shorter than that of ^4. cenma （4. 07 ±0. 30 s） ？ The frequency of flower visiting of A. was 9. 53 ±0. 38 flowers/min,which was significantly higher than that of A. cerana（8. 09 ± 0？ 29 flowers/min） ？ As to the percentage of watermelon pollen collected by A . m e l l i f e r a and A. cerana during 5＊00 -7＊00, 7＊00 -9＊00, 9＊00 -11＊00, there were 11. 03%, 13.31%, 12. 62% and 54. 31% , 55. 97% , 32. 32% , respectively, which were obviously differed with each other. This study suggests that although both A . c e r a n a and A . m e l l i f e r a could fulfill the pollination task efficiently for watermelon in tunnel greenhouse, A . mellifera has an advantage over A. cerana .

关 键 词：西瓜 中华蜜蜂 意大利蜜蜂 授粉行为 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S89[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]