一种阳春砂新栽培类型的鉴定  

Identification for a new Amomum villosum cultivar

作　　者：蒋烨[1] 苏景 汤丽云[3] 徐杰[1] 陈汝平[1,4] 邓汝荣[1] 何国振[1,5] JIANG Ye SU Jing TANG Li-Yun XU Jie CHEN Ru-Ping DENG Ru-Rong HE Guo-Zhen(College of Chinese Traditional Medicine,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006,China Yangchun Field Test and Demonstration of Amomum villosum,Yangchun 529600, Guangdong,China College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,China The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510008,China Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources of Ministry of Education,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006, China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学中药学院,广州510006 [2]阳春市砂仁实验示范场,广东阳春529600 [3]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广州510642 [4]中山大学附属第一医院,广州510080 [5]广州中医药大学,岭南中药资源教育部重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《广西植物》2017年第5期554-564,共11页Guihaia

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI01B02);海南省产学研一体化项目(CXY20140017)

摘　　要：该研究对3个阳春砂栽培类型长果、圆果、仲华,海南砂和1个疑似阳春砂新栽培类型锦秋进行了植物学性状观察、RAPD分子鉴定,并测定了各砂仁种质的活性成分。结果表明:锦秋叶缘具有双边波状和单边波状两种现象,表现出处于长果、圆果与海南砂之间;锦秋叶舌的长度和开花物候期也介于海南砂和长果、圆果之间;果实的性状方面比较复杂,锦秋果实呈胖圆状与圆果、海南砂相似,不同于长果和仲华的长圆形;果实黑褐色,不同于长果、圆果的红色而与仲华和海南砂相近;果刺尖锐状与长果、圆果和仲华的相似,不同于海南砂的平钝形果刺。锦秋与仲华除果实形状外的生物学性状指标都相似。从91个引物中随机筛选出3个多态性丰富的引物,多态性比率为91.2%,显示该物种遗传变异较高;各个样品间的相似系数在0.235 3~0.970 6之间,说明五种砂仁种质是有差别的;聚类分析显示样品可分为3类,海南砂聚为一大类;长果、圆果、仲华和锦秋聚为另一大类,该大类中的长果和圆果聚为一小类,仲华和锦秋聚为另一小类。聚类分析结果表明,锦秋是不同于已知三种栽培类型的阳春砂新栽培类型。锦秋种子千粒重最大、挥发油含量最高,但其乙酸龙脑酯含量与其它砂仁种质无差异。We found a candidate,named Jinqiu,of new7 Amomum villosum cultivar in October 2010. In order to find out the true identity of Jinqiu, four Amomum germplasms of A. villosum cv. Changguo,A. villosum cv. Yuanguo,A. villosum cv. Zhonghua and A. longiligulare, wrere planted together with Jinqiu in a field in the University To／vn of Guangzhou. A se-ries of experiments wrere conducted to classify Jinqiu subsequently. Morphological traits investigation,RAPD analysis and bioactive comp）ound quantification wrere carried out among five Amomum germplasms. The results showed that Jinqiu had twro types of leaf margins, one was crisped in both sides of leaf blade and the other was half of entire and half of crisped. Chang- guo, Yuanguo and A. longiligulare had only one type of leaf margin. Changguo and Yuanguo wrere entire and A. longiligulare wras half of entire and half of crisped. Hie ligule length of Jinqiu wras longer than that of Changguo and Yuanguo but shorter than that of A. longiligulare. The date of first flowering of Jinqiu wras later than that of Changguo and Yuanguo but earlier than that of A. longiligulare. Hhe fruit shape of Jinqiu was bulbous which was similar to that of Yuanguo and A. longiligulare but different from that of Changguo and Zhonghua, wrhich wras long circle. The fruit colour of Jinqiu wras dark brown wrhich was different from that of Changguo and Yuanguo but similar to that of Zhonghua and A. longiligulare. The fruit colours of Changguo and Yuanguo wee red. The fruit thorn of Junqiu wras sharp ＇which wras similar to that of Changguo, Yuanguo and Zhonghua, but was different from that of A. longiligulare wrhich wras blunt. So Jinqiu and Zhonghua wrere similar in all bio-logical traits except fruit shape. HAPD-PCR results showed that three primers with abundant polymor^）hic amplified bands were randomly selected from 91 primers. That of 91.2% polymorphic ratio by one primer indicates there was high possibility of genetic variation in Amomu

关 键 词：锦秋 阳春砂 种质 鉴定 生物学性状 RAPD 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]