基于发育阶段的设施黄瓜水肥一体化技术  

Drip Fertigation Technology of Greenhouse Cucumber Based on Management Strategy at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：黄绍文[1] 唐继伟[1] 张怀志[1] 袁硕[1] 王玉军[1] HUANG Shao-wen TANG Ji-wei ZHANG Huai-zhi YUAN Shuo WANG Yu-jun(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国果菜》2017年第5期82-84,共3页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201000);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-XTCX2016003)资助

摘　　要：水肥一体化技术是未来农业生产中具有广阔前景的新技术,设施蔬菜最具潜力发展水肥一体化技术。设施黄瓜水肥一体化技术的核心是借助压力灌溉系统,将完全水溶性固体肥料或液体肥料,按设施黄瓜生长各阶段对养分的需求和土壤养分的供给状况,配兑而成的肥液与灌溉水融为一体,适时、定量、均匀、准确地输送到设施黄瓜根部土壤。本文简要介绍了基于发育阶段的设施黄瓜水肥一体化技术要点,主要包括施肥总量的推荐方法、基肥用量的确定方法、滴灌水量的运筹方案、滴灌追肥的运筹方案等内容。该技术节水40%以上,节肥30%以上,提高氮肥利用率40%以上,增产10%以上,增收15%以上。Drip fertigation technology, as a new technology with broad prospects for future agriculture, has the most development potential in greenhouse vegetable production. The drip fertigation technology is developed to supply needed nutrients to greenhouse cucumber through an automatic drip irrigation system with water soluble fertilizers to be completely desolved in the irrigation water, and supply the water and fertilizers to cucumber roots timely, quantitatively, evenly and precisely. The nutrients application rates were determined by demands of cucumber at different growth stages and nutrient supply capacity of the soil. This paper summarizes the key points of drip fertigation technology of greenhouse cucumber based on different growth stages, mainly including such as the recommended method of fertilization amount, method for determining the basal fertilization rate, drip irrigation water management plan, and drip irrigation top-dressing fertilizer management scheme. Compared with conventional water and fertilizer management, the fertigation technique can save more than 4 0% of water and more than 30% of fertilizers, at the same time, accompanied by respectively increasing yield and income by more than 10% and 15%, and improve nitrogen recovery rate over 40%.

关 键 词：设施黄瓜 水肥-体化技术 发育阶段 施肥量推荐方法 滴灌专用肥 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]